2001 Volume 15

Number 1 (January)

BR 'Clan' 4-6-2 No. 72003 Clan Fraser has banking assistance as it surmounts the climb to Shap Summit at Greenholme with a Liverpool-Glasgow express in June 1961. (Derek Cross). front cover

As in King George's glorious days. Michael Blakemore. 3.
Locomotive names: top people were represented by A4 class, lesser lights by B1 class. GNR, MR, NER and L&YR rarely applied names. Went out of fashion in 1960s and 1970s. At present lack of continuity and some attempt at political correctness.

Gloucester to the Severn. A.B. Jeffery (phot). 4-5.
5939 on freight at Gloucester Central on 24 August 1964; 4177 assisting D6832 leaving Severn Tunnel on up freight on 25 August 1964; 1444 on auto-train at Gloucester Central on 13 July 1964; 1445 on auto-train at Berkeley Road on same day; 7049 at Yate South Junction on Wolverhampton to Penzance train on 22 August 1964; 6115 assisting 9F at Pilning Station on east-bound freight on 25 August 1964.

LNER locomotive naming practice. Geoffrey Hughes. 6-10.
No explanation is given for the racehorse names: all were winners on the flat. Some of the names (Spearmint and Ladas) were strange. The B17 class combined country estate names with those of football clubs. The Royal Grammar School, Newcastle should have been a V2 name, but the school objected. The antelope names for the B1 class were often obscure. The Maid of Glamis was rejected as a P2 name.  Illus. (b&w unless stated otherwise): 2744 Grand Parade; 4499 Sir Murrough Wilson; 4701 Loch Lagan; A4 "1931" (4486) Davinia - the name of LNER Director Fitzherbert Wright's daughter; 2001 Cock o' the North (original condition): 4483 King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry at naming ceremony on 20 May 1939 (col.) (H.M. Lane); 4499 Pochard (garter blue) leaving York in 1938 (col.) (H.M. Lane): 3401 Bantam Cock; 8301 Springbok; 512 Steady Aim. See amusing letter on page 183 by Don Lawther.

Derby's big engine. Bob Mills. 11-15.
3-cylinder compound 4-6-0: all three cylinders drove onto front axle - notes Gresley's objection to front-axle-drive; design used 0-10-0 Lickey banker's boiler, but lengthened and with larger grate area; cab as per Royal Scot; cylindrical smokebox; and possibly a tapered boiler. The intended boiler pressure is not known, but the design may have had long travel valves as these were favoured by Fowler.

The footplate film stars. Peter Clowes. 16-17.
The ad hoc driving styles encountered in cinematographic portraits of the footplate: films mentioned include: The Lady Vanishes (Hitchcock); Kate Plus Ten; Joe Kidd; Van Ryan's Express; The Titfield Thunderbolt; Breakhead Pass; The Great Train Robbery (1903); Girls on Footplate; The Flying Scotsman; Bhowani Junction; Cattle Annie and the Little Britches.

Wider still and wider. [Metroplitan Railway widenings]. Michael J. Smith. 18-26.
The branch (Metropolitan & St John's Wood Railway) from Baker Street was originally single track to Swiss Cottage, and was extended towards Finchley Road with the idea of a junction with the LNWR and subsequently the MR. The Metropolitan Railway obtained an Act on 4 August 1926 for a tube from Edgware Road (where some preliminary work remains) to Finchley Road, but the powers lapsed due to problems with operating slam-door stock over a tube tunnel. The Bakerloo extension by London Transport alleviated the problem. Four or more tracks were eventually extended to Wembley, Harrow, and after a long gap to Moor Park to coincide with the electrification to Amersham in 1962.

The Midland main line. 27-9.
Col. illus.: 46117 at St. Pancras on Nottingham express in 1961; 70016 arriving St Pancras with gasholders behind on 17 August 1963 (Cliff Woodhead); Class 127 DMU near Ampthill Tunnel on 20 June 1965 (Michael Mensing*); 45561 near Sharnbrook Summit on 18 September 1961 (*); 92107 on freight near Sharnbrook Summit on 18 September 1961 (*); 92159 on coal train near Kibworth  on 11 May 1964 (R.C. Riley); 43042 on local train passing Wigston South Junction on 22 August 1962 (*); 45585 on express at Derby on 26 May 1957 (R.C. Riley). This photo-feature was the subject of editorial corriegenda (page 242); and further detailed corriegenda from Ian M. Arbon (p. 242) concerning the correct name for Harringworth viaduct (Welland Viaduct); only the section from Melton Mowbray to Nottingham is closed; the remainder is still used or is usable. The lines shown in the Welland Viaduct picture are not the Market Harborough to Peterborough line, but the Seaton Junction to Luffenham connection/Uppingham branch. Writer queries why no through service to London is provided from Melton, Oakham and Corby. Another letter (by David Williams) describes a journey over the line. Letter from J.P. Watson (page 183) adds information about railway-owned buildings in Wigston.

'Hunts' and 'Shires' - the LNER D49 4-4-0s. 30-1.
Col. illus.: D49/2 235 The Bedale (apple green) in 1938 (D.M. Lane); 269 The Cleveland at Kirkbymoorside (green, but poor quality of original photo-material) in August 1937; D49/1 62709 Berwickshire at York shed in 1959 (Derek Penney); D49/2 62756 The Brocklesby and 62774 The Staintondale on different express trains at Kirkham Abbey (latter with carmine & cream stock) (J.M. Jarvis).

A gathering of 'Clans'. 32-3.
Col. illus.: 72009 leaving Carstairs on Crewe-Aberdeen train in August 1964 (K.M. Falconer); 72005 at coaling plant at Perth in June 1962 (H.D. Ramsey); 72007 at Clapham (Yorks) on railtour on 23 May 1964 (A.E.R. Cope); 72008 leaving Leeds City on down Waverley on 12 May 1961 (Gavin Morrison); 72001 at Fort William on 16 June 1956 for Clan Cameron Gathering (K. Bannister); 72007 at Shap Quarry in July 1963 on stone empties (Derek Cross).

Red engine days at Shrewsbury. F.W. Shuttleworth (phot.). 34.
46252 City of Nottingham and D1058 Western Nobleman on 15 August 1963.

Railways and water 1830-1923. Part 1. 1830-1923. Jeffrey Wells. 35-9.
Part 2 on page 167. The watering of locomotives is noted in contemporary records of the opening of the Liverpool & Manchester Railway; cost of water supplied by Manchester Water Co.; wells at Wolverton and Coventry; supply from River Avon at Rugby; water tanks at York and Marsh Lane, Leeds; need for water at Nine Elms coke plant; Gooch's quest for water supplies at Swindon - well at Kemble; primitive water softening. Bibliography. Illus.: Johnson rebuilt Kirtley 890 class No 136 with water crane in background; A.F. Tait lithograph of Rochdale station; water tank at Miles Platting station; diagram of water raising apparatus c 1859; The Engineer's portrayal of the Rainton boiler explosion;Whitmore trough with LNWR No. 1472 Moorhen and No 2092 Arabic; Lea Road troughs on the Preston to Blackpool line.

The birth and demise of the train ferry.  J. Graeme Bruce. 40-5.
Thomas Bouch, Engineer and Manager of the Edinburgh & Northern Railway. Landing slips opened in 1849 provided by Robert Napier & Sons of Govan, Leviathan train ferry. Also Tayport to Broughty Ferry. PS Robert Napier (illustrated) and PS Midlothian. Includes some notes on Forth and Tay bridges and on Queensferry Passage for road vehicles where Sir Maurice Denny reached an agreement with LNER on 1 March 1934. Also train ferries between Harwich and Dover and Zeebrugge. Illus:.Artist's impression of the ferry terminal at Granton; one of the Edingburgh, Perth and Dundee ferries; layout of the train fery terminal at Richborough; loading the NBR ferry PS Midlothian; SS Train Ferry No. 3; The Twickenham Ferry; train deck of the Hampton Ferry; BTH type 1 No D8242 removing wagons from the Norfolk Ferry; The Nord Pas de Calais; The Saint-Germain. See letter by David Kelso (page 183) on Richborough Port and the WW1 train ferries, and their transfer to Great Eastern Ferries and another by W.M. Tollan on lowest bridging point of Tay and possible exploits of Sir James High in Zimbabwe

Locomotive standardisation and standard locomotives - Part one. Railway reflections No.73. Michael Rutherford. 46-52.
Part 2 on page 102. Tables: builders of Bury-type locomotives and builders of Gooch standard designs. Development of machine tools. Notes influence of Marc Isambard Brunel and Maudsley developed mass production methods for the production of pulley blocks in 1809. Describes influence of Railway Fondry and of American production methods. Illus.: Bury engines of the London and Birmingham railway from contempary drawings; Lithograph: one of Daniel Gooch's diagrams supplied to several builders; Crewe type No. 18 Cerberus and No. 17 Caliban; large Jenny Lind supplied to the Oxford, Worcester and Wolverhampton Railway; selection of E.B.Wilson's standard designs; special DX No. 1571, a rebuild of a DX; Ramsbottom's DX of 1858 No 111; central material stores; Ramsbotton 2-4-0 No. 1480; Great Southern and Western Railway 101 class No. 152; GS&WR 38 class No. 1500; John Aspinal Horwich standard No 733; Baldwin Works in Philadelphia; Brook's 4-6-0 for the Great Northern; Webb Precedent built as No 2190 Beatrice and became LMS No 5000 Princess Beatrice; Churchward's no 98 based on Brook's practice

Signalling Spotlight: North Eastern Railway level crossing boards. Richard D. Foster. 53.
Target board at Scagglethorpe Crossing; level crossing at Pye Pits

LMS compounds north of the Border. 54.
Photo-feature: 1127 at Glasgow St Enoch; 939 and 922 at Larbert on Aberdeen express (eight coaches) in July 1935; and 1125 at Larbert Station on Aberdeen train in April 1935.

Book Reviews. 55.
The Brixham Branch. C.R. Potts. Oakwood Press, TJE *****
All the regular facets are covered in detail plus one vital factor which is often overlooked, probably due to insufficient information, the water supply for locomotives and the station. The book is produced to Oakwood's very high standard and can, as with all its publications, is highly recommended.
A History of the Stratford-upon-Avon & Midland Junction Railway. R.C. Riley and Bill Simpson. Lamplight Publications, JW *****
The line is dealt with both geographically and chronologically, with a variety of maps and drawings. There are also reminiscences from several people who worked on the line and others. Well printed and produced, the book justifies its price. It might have benefited, however, from deeper editing; there are some typographic errors, occasional drawings which aren't completely titled and some mistakes. Highly recommended.
The Moretonhampstead Branch — a railway from shore to moor. John Owen. Waterfront, MB ****
Branch line enthusiasts will thoroughly enjoy delving into this book and for GWR branch line modellers there is inspiration galore.
History of Trains. Cohn Garratt. Hamlyn, DWM *
This paperback edition of a book first published in 1998 is long on style and short on substance. It contains a number of stunning photographs, some of which actually refer to the chapters in which they are found but much of the text seems to be constructed in 'sound-bites'. It is highly unlikely that readers of Backtrack will feel the need to add this book to their collections.
The Railways of Purbeck. R.W Kidner, Oakwood Press, TJE *****
This book must be unique in railway publishing, being written by one of the two founders, in 1931, of The Oakwood Press who is still alive today. The Railways of Purbeck is up to Oakwood's high standard, copiously illustrated and with maps and plans of the LSWR Swanage branch and the narrow gauge tramways which served the 'ball-clay' pits in Purbeck.The Swanage branch pursues the usual course from opening to decline and, fortunately in this case, resurrection under the aegis of a preservation society all of which is faithfully recorded. Highly recommended.
Irish Railways in Pictures. No. 4 — The Giant's Causeway Tramway. Michael Pollard, Irish Railway Record Society — London Area. SDW *****
This splendid small book is the latest in an on-going series illustrating the railways of Ireland. Written by a former employee of the Tramway, the book takes the form of an historical summary of the line and then over 60 photographs supported by detailed captions. The photographs are brilliantly chosen and supported by clear maps and a small amount of reprinted material; full colour covers complete a book which is evocative, stylish and wonderful value for money.

Colour Files. colourful cards - collectors' delights. Michael Rutherford. 56.
Coloured postcards: broad gauge eight-foot single (4-2-2) Great Western; interior of Old Oak Common roundhouse, Cornish Riviera Express (Raphael Tuck's Oilette series); Flying Dutchman hauled by 3433 City of Bath (Tuck's Famous Expresses); Star hauling the Cornishman (Locomotive Publishing Co.); 4-6-0 No. 100 hauling train at night along seawall at Dawlish

Readers' Forum. 58.
Peterborough - King's Cross 150. Keith Horne.
Strange comment on passing through Hatfield Station at 115 mile/h [KPJ: has a former colleague who loved to show his fellow physicisit friend from Princeton the wonderful sight of HSTs running through Hatfield at speeds stated by author of original article (page 633 of Volume 14).
Problems, problems? Tom Wray.
See Volume 14 page 595: James Newall patents were in 1852 and 1854, not 1844: Newall brake was operated by guard. The Fay brake was invented by Charles Fay, L&YR Carriage Superintendent.
Killin Village Railway. John Macnab.
See Volume 14 page 624. Breadalbane Campbell;s magnanimity towards line.
Rambles by rail. P.J. Sellars.
Refers to letter by P.M. Jones in Volume 14 page 674 which in turn refers back to feature on page 442: this letter refers to combined rail and walking tours, quoting books on LMS which cited LNER co-operation. Further books cited in letter from P. Justin McCarthy on page 183.
Eric Treacy's photographs. Stan Roberts.
Notes that those taken in Edge Hill area may be dated by tall chimney which was demolished in 1939: it had once been used in power station for cable haulage. See page 476 (13)

Snow on the Fells. Robert Leslie. rear cover.
D65 climbs towards Ais Gill summit with up Thames-Clyde Express on 3 April 1966.

Number 2

Andover Junction shed with a GW 43xx No 6372 on turntable. R.C. Riley. front cover.
8 July 1956

The symbols at your door. Michael Blakemore. 63.
London Transport roundel, railway heraldry and corporate idendity (editorial). Letter page 243 by David Pearson.

The Stainmore Line. 64-5.
Col. illus.:Belah viaduct in August 1961 (T.B. Owen), Kirkby Stephen East station in September 1961 (David Sutcliffe), Warcop station on 3 January 1966 (John Spencer Gilks), Deepdale viaduct (David Sutcliffe), Ravenstonedale station in August 1961 (T.B. Owen), Standard class 3 No 77002 pilots Ivatt class 4 No 43037 at Kirkby Stephen in July 1961 (Derek Cross),

Perchance to dream London to Paris pre Chunnel. Keith Hill. 66-70.
The Night Ferry sleeper service via Dover and Dunkerque. See anecdote by Charles Long on page 243 concerning the ride of the buffet car disturbing Sir Brian Robertson's breakfast. Illus.:Battle of Britain no 34072 257 Squadron at West Dulwich on 27 July 1948 (Ken Nunn), Companie Internationale des Wagons Lits sleeping car No 3805 at Victoria on 25 April 1954 (John Edgington), Merchant Navy no 35030 Elder Dempster Lines at Dunton Green on 25 July 1953 (Ken Nunn), The train ferry linkspan at Dover on 16 September 1967 (John Edgington), Col.: Merchant Navy no 35029 Ellerman Lines (blue) at Stewart's Lane in October 1951 (T.B. Owen), TSS Twickenham Ferry at Dover in June 1969 (John Edgington). B&w:, Battle of Britain Nos 34073 249 Squadron and 34067 Tangmere at Faversham on 13 August 1955 (Ken Nunn), MV Saint-Germain at Dover on 16 September 1967 (John Edgington),

British steam locomotive demography. Philip Atkins. 71-7.
Examination of statistics relating to locomotive stocks. Prior to 1860 data are nat available, but author attempts to show probable pattern in that period. Considers the GNR anomaly in some detail. Gives a detailed analysis of the data relating to 1913 and compares those relating to the SECR with the L&YR. The most numerous class was the Ramsbottam DX class followed by the 57xx and LMS class 5. The most common types were the 0-6-0 tender and tank engines. Some classes were very short-lived, notably some of the 9F 2-10-0s and the diesel hydraulics and author questions the wisdom of the decisions which led to such uneconmic lives. Illus.:An example of the most numerous class; Ramsbottom's DX here as rebuilt Special DX no 3137, Table 1; Route mileage opened and new locomotives built 1841 - 50, Table 2; Loco stock and train mileage 1861 - 1910, The Great Bear in post WW I condition, Table 3; Comparative analysis of leading british rail companies in 1913, Table 4; Comparison between SECR and LYR for 1913, 0-8-0 no 1626, The rise and fall of steam loco stock and route mileage 1860-1965 at 5 year intervals, Class L no 773 at New Cross at London in July 1914, Ex Midland no 41739, 47 years past retirement according to BR! at Staveley in March 1961 (John Edgington), The rise and fall of 0-6-0 loco stock 1860-1965 at 5 year intervals, A class 08 diesel electric shunter no 08.641 at Exeter in August 1976 (TJE), Table 5; British loco stock change by decades (TJE), Class 9F no 92124 at Saltley in August 1957 (John Edgington), Table 6; Loco types by wheel arrangement, trends 1913-1955 (John Edgington),

"A short passage to Ireland": the construction and opening of the South Wales Railway. Christopher Awdry. 78-81.
An Act of 4 August 1845 gave powers for a railway from near Fishguard Bay to Chepstow. A fire on the timber bridge across the Usk at Newport on 31 May 1848 delayed the opening, but the contract for the bridge at Chepstow was not let until July 1849. The official opening took place on 18 June 1850 (from near Chepstow to Swansea). The Wye crossing was bridged in 1851; Carmarthen was reached in 1852; Haverfordwest in 1854 and Neyland in 1856. The GWR absorbed the line in 1863. The feature was construced mainly from contemporary newspapers. Illus.:A drawing of the South Wales Railway bridge at Rumney, Illustrated London News; Arrival of the first train at Swansea, illustrated London News;The Landore Viaduct, One of the Skewen arches built by Brunel to solve cutting side slippage on 10 March 1996 (author), The tunnels south of Newport station on 8 October 1991 (author), Chepstow station on 23 February 1993 (author),

A century and a half of trains at 'Bracing Skegness'. Part 2.. Peter Wombwell. 82-6.
Part 1 began on page 696 (Vol. 14). This part covers freight and parcels. One event was the arrival of a train of caravans in March 1961. Describes the motive power including DMUs, the arrival of an HST, the closure of the buffet and gives statistics of August Bank Holiday arrivals over the period 1931-1952 (with a gap for WW2). Illus.:B1 no 6104 and D2 no 4324 relax after bringing in excursions on 7 August 1939 (C.E. Bayes), Skegness signal box on 1 May 1995, A delivery of caravans in March 1961, Unloading the caravans, Ex GCB8 no 5280 on 3 June 1934, K2 no 61729 on the south curve at Firsby on 6 September 1952 (P.H. Wells), K3 no 61816 at Seacroft on 6 September 1952 (P.H. Wells), Statistic; August Bank Holiday arrivals at Skegness 1931-1961, Four classes of diesel locomotive at Skegness station on 6 September 1980s (author), The track layout c 1938,

The Midland main line 2. . 87-9.
Col. illus.:Peak D27 nearing the Harringworth Viaduct on 30 April 1966 (Michael Mensing), St Pancras station on 25 October 1969 (T.B. Owen), St Pancras with Jubilees nos 45639 Raleigh and 45662 Nyasaland in October 1956 (John Edgington): better reproduction in Railways South East 3, 210), BR 9F leaving Duffield on 30 April 1966 (Michael Mensing), Peak no D47 on 30 April 1966 (Michael Mensing), Royal Scot no 46139 The Welch Regiment at Manton on 27 August 1960 (John Spencer Gilks), LMS Fowler no 42373 at Dore & Totley (Tony Wakefield), Royal Scot no 46113 Cameronian at Sheffield on 7 July 1962 (Cliff Woodhead),

North of Edinburgh; Steam on the North British and Caledonian main lines. . 90-1.
Col. illus.:LMS class 5 no 44997 at Drumlithie on 29 June 1966 (Derek Penney), LNER B1 no 61099 climbing towards Forth Bridge on 6 July 1965 (Roy Hobbs), A4 no 60024 Kingfisher near Stonehaven on 29 June 1966 (Derek Penney), Black Five no 44794 at Gleneagles on 28 May 1966 (Roy Hobbs),

Discharged from Military Service. 92-3.
Col. illus.:Ex WD no 90355 at Old Oak Common in September 1956 (Dick Riley), Ex WD 2-10-0 no 90755 at Grangemouth on 12 June 1963 (J.P. Mullett), Ex USA no 30064 (malchite green) at Eastleigh on 13 March 1964 (Celyn Leigh-Jones), Ex WD no 90639 at Wakefield Kirkgate in March 1964 (Joe Richardson), WD Austerity 0-6-0ST no 68070 at Colwick on 25 August 1962 (Geoff Rixon),

Strangers on a train. G.W. Powell. 94.
Col. illus.:Ex GC Director no 62663 with King Arthur no 30751 Etarre at Basingstoke on 12 September 1954 and preserved C1 Atlantic GNR no 251 on shed and with Schools no 30901 Winchester

Memories of the Royal Engineers Railway Operating Corps 1939-1946. Part 2.. Vic Cripps as told to Paul Joyce. 95-7.
A wonderful narrative: the landings in Sicily; the great effort made to get the railway working; then onto Italian mainland, the fearful damage to the railways and locomotives around Naples. Ancona had been exposed to carpet bombing. The footplate crews slept with their locomotives with the oil burners turned down low. Then on to Florence, from there to Marseilles, and to Brussels, and then operation in Germany with German footplatemen. Illus.:Vic Cripps alongside a US 2-8-2 with a Stanier 8F in the background, A Swedish 2-8-0, Vic's demob papers,

This was York. David Sutcliffe. 98-101.
Illus.:A4 no 60027 Merlin on 12 September 1959, LMS compound no 41123 in August 1959, Platform 9 and changing engines on the Scarborough Flyer in August 1958, The old York station demolished in 1966 in August 1958, V2 no 60940 in August 1956, A tiddler; a LYR Pug no 51235 in roundhouse in August 1957, GC D11/1 Director no 62666 Zeebrugge commandeered to do a spot of station piloting in August 1959, Midland no 47254 in August 1958, LNER D49/2 no 62752 The Atherstone in August 1957, LNER Sandringham B17 no 61638 Melton Hall in August 1957, The goods depot on Leeman Rd in August 1959,

Locomotive standardisation and standard locomotives. Part 2. (Railway Reflections No. 74). Michael Rutherford. 102-9.
Part 1 on page 46. The activities, and effects of, the Salt Lake City Conference of 1902, and the Edward H. Harriman conglomerate: the Associated Lines. The effect of USRA, ARLE, the Indian standards, and the great vision of Churchward. Workshop standards could be low, especially on the LNER. Rutherford is critical of the lack of boiler standardization on the LMS: the class 5, Jubilee and 8F boilers were not interchangeable [KPJ unlike comparable LNER classes!]. Furthermore, each LMS class had two non-interchangeable versions. See letter on tolerances and attainable mileages on page 243 by M. Johnson. Illus.:A 2-8-0, Specification; Passenger standard engine and tender for 5'6" gauge, The biggest steam engine ever; An 0-10-0 E class of Lopushinskii, Diagram; Alignement equipment, Specification; A pair of ARLE schemes, Diagram; A US built Mikado built for military use in India and the Far East, LMS 8F 2-8-0 no 8600. The type became WD standard engine, A 141R of the SNCF, A 4-6-0 built by the Vulcan Foundry, Britannia no 70004 William Shakespeare at Leicester on 18 July 1958 (John Edgington), No 62070, a Peppercorn K1, A 9F no 92132 at Halesowen on 20 June 1957 (John Edgington), Standard class 5 no 73022 at Bournemouth on 5 September 1965 (John Edgington), No 72001 Clan Cameron at Glasgow on 25 August 1952 (John Edgington),

Highland Scenes. Highland Railway Society. 110-12.
Illus.:Garve station, Slochd North signal box, Dalguise Viaduct, Orton station, Dunrobin station, Rose Street signal box Inverness on the move, The Mound station,

Rolling Stock Focus - Royal Claret - LMS Chairman's Saloons. David Jenkinson (notes) and John Edgington (phot.). 113.
Col. illus.:LMS Chairman's saloons later semi-royal saloons nos 45005 & 6 at Watford in August 1960,

Book reviews. 114-15.
The Great Western broad gauge. Lawrence Waters. Ian Allan. MR ****
Preominanly illustrations of locomotives.
Brunel: the great engineer. Tim Bryan. Ian Allan. JJSC **
"There seems to be no new information here"
The Lee Moor Tramway: a pictorial record. Roy E. Taylor. Twelveheads. MR *****
"A very interesting and worthwhile book".
Raising steam on the LMS: the evolution of LMS locomotive boilers. A.F. Cook. RCTS. MR *****
"will serve as a lasting monument to the quality of his scholarship and depth of his research".
The High Level Bridge and Newcastle Central Station: 150 years across the Tyne. John Addyman and Bill Fawcett. NERA. MR *****
"The research has been carried out in great depth and is fully referernced... This book really is a must"
Midland Record; edited Bob Essery. Wild Swan. MR *****
"This is an excellent journal"
The story of the Met & GC Joint Line. Clive Foxell. author. MJS ****
"lavishly illustrated": equally complimentary review of complementary volume (17-294)
Glory days - Western signalman. Adrian Vaughan. Ian Allan, MB ****
"Enjoyable and instructive"
The Dyke branch line. Peter J. Harding. author. TJE *****
"excellent book" but Stroudley's name is mis-spelt
Cherwell Valley Railway: the social history of an Oxfordshire railway. Peter Allen. Tempus. CD ****
"thoroughly grounded in primary sources" but not cited.

Colour Files - Notice is given. 116-17
Col. illus. of notices: Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire "Do not trespass" in August 1968 (Cliff Woodhead), Midland Railway Institute Fishing Club "Do not fish!" at Cromford on 8 August 1965 (Michael Mensing), North Weald station sign (London Transport roundel on 20 July 1993 (Ian Beckey), Probably former GNoS station sign at Tillynaught in Scottish region blue in April 1964 (David Sutcliffe), Dilton Marsh Halt; "The ticket office is at Holmdale, up the hill" on 26 August 1961 (John Spencer Gilks), Great Northern "Do not trespass" and "Look both ways" at Sibsey on 20 June 1981 (John Spencer Gilks), "Stop, look and listen before crossing" at Bishopstone on 28 December 1991 (Paul Joyce), Weight restriction lozenge-shape on a Kennett and Avon canal bridge at Reading on 28 December 1978 (Paul Joyce).

Readers' forum. 118.
Cambridge University Railway Club. Andrew Elms.
90th Anniversary Dinner
Birdsong at Adlestrop, Anne Harvey
Writer is author of Adlestrop revisited: the poet and the place. She acknowledges feature by Andrew Swift (14, 609) and letter by L.A. Summers (14, 734).
Blue remembered trains. W.M. Tollan.
See feature in Vol. 14 page 714: argues that were nay fleas on the steam stock; lists the steam motive power used, and the forward view lost once blinds pulled down.
Irony on the iron way. W.M. Tollan.
See feature in Vol. 14 page 707. Reminiscence of locomotive which inadvertently blew off at Larkhall during the unloading of an Orangeman's special which caused the Grand Master's horse to throw the rider and lead o a rumpus. Fortunately, the train was able to move away before any violence. On return to Glasgow Central the special ran alongside returning Celtic supporters and a melee ensued.
LMS tank engine legacy. David Burton.
See illustration of 2154 (14, 650): writer argues that still in red livery.
Decor of the 1930s. Gerald Jacobs.
Rexine also used by Southern Railway (see feature Vol. 14 page 736)
Royal Engineers Railway Operating Corps. James Cooper.
USS Westpoint formerly United States Lines America: not United States (see Vol 14 page 643)

Above the Forth [restored NBR 4-4-0 No 256 Glen Douglas on the Forth Bridge. Roy Hobbs. rear cover
13 April 1963 on a railtour

Number 3 (March)

LNER B1 4-6-0 No 1018 'Gnu' at York in apple green. .C.C.B. Herbert. front cover.

A toast to Napoleon. David Joy. 131.
Transfer of ownership to Trevor Ridley: comment on the changing world of publishing.

West Coast through Warrington. 132-3.
Colour feature.:LMS class 5 no 45289 at Warrington (Jim Carter), LMS Jubilee no 45560 Prince Edward Island at Acton Grange  (Brian Magilton), LMS Patriot no 45501 St. Dunstans passing through Bank Quay at Warrington (BM), BR Britannia no 70025 Western Star at Warrington (JC), Coronation no 46246 City of Manchester at Warrington (BM), LMS Black Five no 44808 at Warrington (BM),

The Footplate Career of Jack Hewett part 5. Wartime years on the Southern. Jack Hewett as told to Paul Joyce. 134-8.
Describes working on the secon engine of a double-headed train through the very tight single bore tunnels on the Christ's Hospital to Guildford route, working very heavy trains on the Reading to Redhill route, the excellence of the Q1 class, and a load of decoy tanks which deceived the train crew - they had expected a difficult task. Part 4 was on page 391 of volume 14.  Part 5 on page 568. Illus.:Q1 identifiable as belonging to the Southern and very little else, Schools no 930 Radley at Southampton, A SECR design N class no 860, Q1 no 33013 at Guildford, Ex LBSCR E4 no 32505,

North from King's Cross. .David Jenkinson (captions) to Eric Treacy photographs. 139-42.
Lengthy captions to superb photographs. Illus.:Gresley class N2/2 no 69490, A4 no 60009 Union of South Africa at King's Cross, A4 no 60028 Walter. K. Whigham at King's Cross, A3 no 60105 Victor Wild at King's Cross, A4 no 60026 Miles Beevor at King's Cross, A4s nos 60026 Miles Beevor and 60033 Seagull at King's Cross, Class N2/2 no 69548 at King's Cross. See letter from John Massey (page 363),

Northward Bound - A railway adventure in 1946. Part 2. Stanford Jacobs. 143-7.
An early Post-War journey: this part moves on from Newcastle via Edinburgh and Aberdeen to Inverness and then down to Glasgow. Part 1 was in volume 14 page 638. Illus.:GNoS as LNER D40 no 2267 at Elgin, LNER class C7 at Edinburgh, Highland Clan no 14764 Clan Munro, LNER Z4 no 6844 at Aberdeen, Caly 72 class no 14486 at Forfar, Caly Dunalistar III no 14437 at Edinburgh, Class 5 no 5013 at Druimauachdar, Caly no 15350, Class 5 no 4768 at Perth,

Bending the rules [bridge design]. D.K. Horne. 148-51.
Mainly concerns the MS&LR Torksey Bridge across the River Trent. Includes information on Henry Moseley and his contribution to engineering theory. and Capt. J.L.A. Simmons. Illus.:Elevation; , Torksey Bridge, William Pole, Dundee and Perth railway's bridge across the Tay, Dundee and Perth railway's bridge across the Tay,

Newton Heath Station 1950-1966. Jeffrey Wells. 152-4.
Illus.:Black Five no 44767 at Newton Heath, Jubilee no 45698 Mars at Newton Heath, LYR Dreadnought no 50455 at Newton Heath, Diagram; Newton Heath layout, LYR radial tank no 50644 at Newton Heath, Newton Heath junction signal box, Black Five no 44893 at Newton Heath, Black Five no 44934 at Newton Heath, The new footbridge at Newton Heath,

Great Western heavy haulage: the 28xx and 47xx 2-8-0s. 155-7.
Colour feature:: 2879 in 'as built' form at Little Somerford in July 1961 (paul Strong), 4704 lined green) at Old Oak Common in April 1963 (Geoff Rixon), 2891 at Oxford shed on 28 April 1963 (Ken Fairey), 3864 at Cowley Bridge, Exeter on freight on 16 July 1958 (R.C. Riley), 4705 (green) at Plymouth Laira on 25 September 1960, 3861 at Chalford on freight on 25 June 1962 (RCR), 4708 (green & polished) on Royal Duchy at Paddington on 30 August 1958 (RCR), No 3850 at Trowbridge on freight in 1961 (Cliff Woodhead),

The LNER B1 4-6-0s. . 158-9.
Colour feature:.:B1 no 1029 Chamois ex-works in apple green at Darlington in June 1947 (C.C.B. Herbert), B1 no 1100 (apple green) at Newcastle in August 1947 (H.N. James), 61056 at Retford passing Northern Rubber works on 28 February 1959 with Norwich City supporters' special for Sheffield (Derek Penney), 61073 at Retford on freight on same date as previous, 61126 at Retford with local goods (same date & phot.),

Continental Style - Steam on the 'Golden Arrow'. 160-1.
Colour feature:.:Merchant Navy no 35026 Lamport & Holt Line (unrebuilt) at Victoria (NRM), Rebuilt Merchant Navy no 35015 Rotterdam Lloyd at Stewarts Lane on 26 March 1959 (R.C. Riley), Britannia no 70014 Iron Duke at Stewarts Lane on 20 October 1957 (R.C. Riley), Rebuilt Battle of Britain no 34088 213 Squadron near Beckenham Junction on 17 September 1960, and same locomotive at Knockholt on 9 September 1972 (both Rodney Lissenden). See letter by John Pearce page 422 concerning names and political sensitivities.

A colliery threesome. Alan Tyson. 162.
Illus.:Hudswell Clarke works no 1777 at Astley Green, Kitson's of Leeds no 4533 at Philadelphia, R. Stephenson & Hawthorn no 7741 at Bates,

Leaves on the line: a tragic day on the Burton & Ashby Light Railway. Roger Betteridge. 163-6.
On 8 October 1919 a car ran back out of control on the Burton Corporation section due to poor state of track on a very steep gradient and led to the loss of life of a passenger and the conductress. Illus.:Route Map; Burton and Ashby light railway, Tram car no 13 at Newhall, The bridge over the Midland Railway at Swadlingcote, Tram car no 13 at Woodville, A car in Midland livery at Swadlingcote, Tram car no 11 at Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Aftermath of Bearwood Hill accident at Burton,

Railways and water 1830 to 1923. Part 2. 1890-1923. Jeffrey Wells. 167-71.
Part 1 on page 35. Includes water sofening , water supplies (especially relationships with local authorities) and water troughs. Illus.:LNW 19" Goods no 2087, Midland railway no 1021 at Loughborough, LNW Prince of Wales no 5805 at Standedge, The 4,000 gallon tender of GCR class 11E no 432 Sir Edward Fraser at Wrexham, A water tank at S & L Minerals at Wellingborough, Diagram; tender fitted with water scoop, Diagram; Cross section of Langley water trough, NER class V/09 by a water tank at Neville Hill shed, Leeds, Cartoon; Safety first movement, The water tank at Congleton Lower junction,

An Extended family: the Cornwall Minerals Railway tank engines and their relatives. Railway Reflections No. 75. Michael Rutherford. 172-81.
The Cornwall Minerals Railway tank engines were intended to work back-to-back and were supplied by Sharp Stewart. Some of the 0-6-0Ts were eventually sold to the Lynn & Fakenham Railways where they were converted into tender locomotives, and some were rebuilt still further as 2-4-0s. Those that remained in Cornwall were to form the basis of a Churchward 0-6-0ST (1361 class) and a Collett 0-6-0PT (1366 class), probably Collett's ultimate achievement.  Letter from Treloar (page 363) concerning the involvement of Francis Trevithick in design, and further information on Cornwall Minerals Railway. Highly informative letter from New Zealand (Grant page 482) augments information about back-to-back and Fairlie locomotives in Peru/Chile (location changed following war) and Fairlie locomotives in New Zealand. Illus.:Diagram; a proposal for a Lickey banker c 1910, Mechanical connections of a Baldwin pair of 1901, One of a pair of engines delivered by Sharp, Stewart & Co, The first back to back locomotive proposal, CMR no 4 became GWR no 1395 at Swindon, The Cornwall Minerals railway engines were directly derived from the Swedish engines, Outline sketch; Three 0-6-0 proposals, Churchward's prototype 1361 class at Swindon, CMR no 10 as Haverhill, no2 loco of the South Hetton Coal Co., Collett's 1366 class; 1367 brand new at Swindon, CMR no 13 on the Eastern and Midland railway, CMR no 15 as 3A of the Lynn and Fakenham railway, CMR no 10 as Haverhill, here being cut up at South Hetton, CMR no 16 on the Midland and Great Northern, No 1361 stored at Swindon it was cut up in Oct '61, Table 1; Some examples of back to back designs, Table 2; Dimensions of CMR tanks and related classes, Table 3; Summary of CMR's 0-6-0T's, 1361 class no 1363 now preserved at Didcot at Plymouth, 1361 class no 1364 at Plymouth, 1361 class no 1365 at Faringdon, 1366 class no 1369 at Boscarne,

Readers' forum. 182-3.
Railways and the courts. Mike Goodall.
Shows that the law could be a cruel ass when "the Coroner, his jury, and their ability to understand the technicalities of railway operation". Cites the case of Samuel Caudle, involved in the 1913 Ais Gill disaster when juries in Kirkby Stephen and Leeds found no case against the unfortunate driver, but one in Carlisle found him guilty of manslaughter and sent him to prison. It was obvious that the dolts "in fancy dress and expensive suits" were unaware of how Oliver Mugg involved in the Storrs Mill accident (he had passed several signals at danger) and the Inspecting Officer, Major Pringle, had noted had failed to observe the rule book got off. One suspects that the titled gentleman who died at Carlisle was worth more in terms of retribution.
The class 303 EMUs. M. Johnson.
This letter contains an amazing gaff: the 25kV was not reduced to 6.6kV at stations, but on sections with low clearances, such as the central section in tunnel. The writer is correct in that the problem was with the transformers. The high voltage stock on the Great Eastern lines also experienced electrical problems, but with rectifiers. See feature page 714 (Vol. 14).
Birdsong at Adlestrop. David Jeacock.
See Vol. 14 page 609: Edward Thomas's Field Notebooks held in New York Public Library clearly state when the halt at Adlestrop was made.
LNER locomotive naming. Don Lawther.
See feature on page 6: school-boy lore: had considered that 2744 Grand Parade was named after such in Tynemouth and not after racehorse [KPJ: eight year olds in Edinburgh thought that trains went over the top of the Forth Bridge]
Crisis, what crisis? L.A. Summers.
See feature by Rutherford (14 724), Cites a letter received from O.S. Nock on 22 February 1977 wherein he states that he was informed by Sam Ell and Geoffrey Tew that they had worked on the boiler and the Chapelon-style front end, respecively of the "Hawksworth Pacific" and the proposed Pacific was strongly backed by Captain Hugh Vivian, a GWR Board member and a Director of Beyer Peacock, as well as a copper refiner.
Midland main line. J.P. Watson.
See page 27: additional information about railway-owned buildings in Wigston
Rambles by rail. P. Justin McCarthy.
See letter by Sellars on page 58: cites two booklets published by LMS.
Aspinall 2-4-2Ts at work. F.P. Groves.
See feature page 722 (vol. 14): letter concerns rolling stock
The birth and demise of the train ferry. David Kelso.
See feature on page 40: cites Richborough Port by Robert Butler as excellent source of information abot WW1 train ferries, and the failure by Sir Francis Dent, Chairman of the SECR, to take them over, as he wished to construct the Channel Tunnel. Letter also clearly explains how Great Eastern Ferries acquired the equipment for installation at Harwich.
The birth and demise of the train ferry. W.M. Tollan.
See feature on page 40: The lowest crossing is not at Perth as stated but the Tay Road Bridge. One of the former Tay ferries, Sir James High, was seen in Zimbabwe.

Colour Files: Come to the Ball. Tom Wray. 184.
Literature for the 1906 Midland railways ball.

Book reviews. 185-6.
Isle of Portland railways, Vol. 2. The Weymouth & Portland Railway: the Easton & Church Hope Railway. B.L. Jackson. Oakwood. CD ****
"Surely the definitive work on the subject"
The LMS in Ireland - an Irish railway pictorial. Mark Kennedy. Midland. DWM *****
Some of the photographs came from the archive in the Ulster Folk and Transport Museum: "highly recommended"
Railway copper. Bill Perkins. Book Guild. MB ***
Enjoyable memoirs of a railway policeman,
Steam's last fling - the summer of '69 on Northern Irish Railways. Michael R. Stevenson. Colourpoint. DWM *****
"intensely personal account" of the end of Irish steam set against the beginning of "the Troubles"
Cicinatti Union Terminal. Linda C. Rose. Cincinatti Railroad Club. KS *****
Art Deco station: reviewer states that Britain lacks such a glory: this is not quite true, but the scale is smaller.

'Black Five' 4-6-0 No 45428 at Holbeck. Joe Richardson. rear cover.
Unlined black in June 1967:

Number 4 (April)

LSWR '415' Class 4-4-2T No 30583 resting at Axminster. R.C. Riley. front cover.
14 July 1960

In from the cold. Trevor Ridley. 191.
Editorial by new publisher, who "apologizes" for having an interest in the "oversea scene", but having been nurtured in the spiritual home of railways, namely York.

Penrith and beyond. . 192-3.
Colour photo feature.:Britannia no 70039 Sir Christopher Wren at Wreay, LMS class 5 no 45148 at Penrith, LMS class 5 no 45235 at Penrith, A Black five no 44887 at Carlisle, A unidentified LMS class 5 with a train of Ford cars at Wreay, LMS class 2 no 46458 at Redhills,

The multi-purpose experiment. J.D. Colm Flanagan. 194-7.
DMUs designed for the Ulster Transport Authority which were intended to be adaptable to a wide variety of uses, from suburban services to expresses, and be capable of hauling freight (from the Irish Republic to Londonderry for Donegal). See letter containing many corrections and additions by Martin Baumann (page 363) and others by  John Miller (page 363), Alan McFarren (page 363) and John Macnab concerning Scottish Region DMUs fitted with tablet exchanging apparatus (page 422). [KPJ: both these latter refer to Aberdeen to Inverness service: what happened south of Girvan on the Northern Irish service when DMUs took over?]. Illus.:Railcar no 39 at Londonderry, Railcar no 37 leaving Londonderry, Railcar no 57 at Belfast, Nos 46, 62 and 63 with a goods train leaving Coleraine, Railcar no 49 at Carrickfergus,

The double-decker. D.W. Winkworth. 198-203.
Mainly the Southern Railway's double deck suburban train, but it also mentions the LNER double-deck sleeping car. See page 422 for letters by author (in response to letter received from David Monk-Steel - not published), and by  Claude R. Hart and D.A. Tebbs. See also colour feature on these vehicles by Jenkinson & Edgington (Vol. 14 page 312) Illus.:Fintona horse tram, intersecting independent single compartment concept illustrated, LNER sleeping car layout, Elevation and plan of the double decker unit, Southern suburban area map, The double decker leaving London Bridge, Interior view; from the lower to the upper deck, Interior view, the upper deck,

Britain's railways at war. Ken Nash. 204-7.
Text based upon It can now be revealed. Rather a thin feature considering the enormous impact of WW2 upon the British railways and their contribution to the War effort. The illustrations are rather good. Readers wanting more might try History of the British Railways during the War, 1939-45. London; Railway Gazette 1946. Illus.:12" howitzers on low loader trucks, Aircraft parts being made in a disused passage at a tube station at Olympia?, An armoured train improvised from railway trucks, The Yanks are here, A 100 bomber strike needed 650 tankers of petrol and 362 wagons of bombs, Damage to the bridge outside Charing Cross caused by a flying bomb, P.M. Winston Churchill thanking two LMS footplatemen,

The Hexthorpe Disaster. Louella Chesterman. 208-9.
16 September 1887: collision of two trains during period of St Leger meeting. Illus.:Illustrated London News cover depicting the Hexthorpe disaster at Doncaster, Dr A. Christy Wilson, senior consulting surgeon was one of the doctors that gave help to the injured at Doncaster, Map; MS&L to Doncaster,

Caerphilly - The hub of the Rhymney Railway - Part 1. Edward A. Evans. 210-14.
The Rhymney Railway reached Caerphilly on 25 February, and the line opened to passengers on 1 March 1858. The approach to Cardiff was made over the TVR via Walnut Tree Junction, but in 1871 a new direct line was opened via the long Caerphilly Tunnel. Junctions in the area were made with the Brecon & Merthyr Railway, the Pontypridd, Caerphilly & Newport Railway (later ADR) and in 1904 with the expensively engineered Barry Railway. In 1901 the RR opened new locomotive works. Illus.:Caerphilly station in 1871, Map; Railways around Caerphilly, Caerphilly station in 1948, Caerphilly station in 1960 , a six car DMU passing the Caerphilly East signal box, An unidentified 56xx runs through the cutting at Caerphilly, Caerphilly station in the mid 60s, Autotrain at Machen, Waterloo [Wales], GW no 3401 at Llanbradach, Llanbradach viaduct,

The North and West route - Part 1. . 215-17.
Colour feature (all Michael Mensing except where noted).: 5044 Earl of Dunraven at Shrewsbury on 24 September 1960 with Swansea to Manchester express, 6023 King Edward II at Bayston Hill with express for Plymouth (same as prev.), 6836 Estervarney Grange at Marshbrook on freight on 27 July 1963, 48419 at Bayston Hill on freight on 24 September 1960, 70052 Firth of Tay at Marsh Farm with Plymouth to Liverpool train on 27 July 1963, 4985 Allesley Hall at Craven Arms on short freight on 27 July 1963, 46124 London Scottish at Stokesay on northbound express on 19 August 1961 (Derek Penney).

The Midland and LMS 2P 4-4-0s. . 218-19.
Colour feature:2P no 40614 at Dumfries on 13 June 1959 (Derek Penney), 40486 at Halesowen Junction with Gloucester local (carmine & cream stock) in May 1956 (T.J. Edgington), 40563 piloting 4F no 44417 on a three coach train (S. Reg. green) at Templecombe (R.C. Riley), 40632 at Sheffield Millhouses in 1959 (Derek Penney), No 40700 assisting a BR class 5 at Midford on 5 September 1959 (RCR),

50 years of the 'Britannia' Pacifics. . 220-1.
Colour feature: 70023 Venus at Abergele in June 1963 (Geoff Rixon), Britannia no 70034 Thomas Hardy at Bethnall Green on 28 February 1959 (R.C. Riley), 70013 Oliver Cromwell at Manchester Victoria in 1968 (Derek Penney), 70021 Morning Star at Willesden in May 1962 (Geoff Rixon), 70038 Robin Hood at Perth in May 1964 (Derek Penney).

Southern Electric line up. Bruce Oliver (phot.). 222.
Colour feature:4-BEP unit at London Bridge on 6 June 1981, Brighton station with a class 73 no E6029 and two EMU types 4-VEP and 4-COR on 8 April 1972, Victoria with a 4-VEP, 2-HAP and a 4-EPB on 14 February 1981.

A singular double — Part 1. Robin Barnes. 223-7.
The Chicago Exposition of 1893 saw the display of two British double singles: the LNWR 2-2-2-2 Queen Empress (described in this part) and another design in Part 2 (page 356). See letter by Keith R. Chester concerning Combermere (page 482). Illus.:The Lord of the Isles at Swindon, Drawing; Proposed 4-2-2-0 in the North American style, Greater Britian 2-2-2-2 Queen Empress, PRR no 1320 as altered for use in the USA, PRR no 1320 as completed in 1888, Diagram of the Queen Empress tender that went to Chicago, Queen Empree decorated for Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee, Queen Empress during a series of demonstration runs at Chicago,

All the chief's men - the forgotten army. Railway Reflections No. 76. Michael Rutherford . 228-36.
Railway civil engineering, especially the low key mainteance of the permanent way. Includes biographical notes on Thomas Elliot Harrison (who engineered the formation of the North Eastern Railway), George Grove (better known for his Dictionary of Music), and John Miller. Rutherford notes the significance of the Ruston Steam Navvy in the construction of later railways such as the Melton Mowbray to Nottingham line. See letter by Rob Hines on greater flexibity of older track (page 422). Illus.:Engraving; Swindon junction, Lambley Viaduct, Plan of Euston station of 1937, Track relaying at Wickwar, A permenant way gang at work at King's Heath, A steam navvy at work, A permenant way gang at work at Fenchurch Street, Machinery to power drill chairs to sleepers, Pre-assembled track panel being laid at Church Fenton, Theating sleepers with preservative. Probable site Beeston in Notts, A wider view of the work at Church Fenton, An early petrol engined permanent way gangers trolley at Hawes, An later petrol engined permanent way gangers trolley, A single line Morris track relaying machine, The first mechanical tamping machine, A diesel-electric twin boom tracklayer designed and built at Swindon in 1950,

South of The Thames. Paul Chacellor collection with captions by John Edgington . 237-9.
Illus.:Grosvenor Bridge during extension by LBSCR in 1907, Victoria station the Brighton side with Newhaven Boat Train in 1907, Rolling in a bridge girder at Longhenge probably for widening (1907), Victoria station - the Brighton line from the country end looking north with B4 4-4-0 leaving, A B4 class no 68 at Wandsworth Road, Denmark Hill tunnel with an overhead AC electric train emerging, Wandsworth Road station with an AC electric train,

Colour File: a most singular standard.  Jeffrey Grayer. 240-1.
Colour feature: a single BR class 3 2-6-0 (77014) spent its last few months workingg on the Southern Region.: 77014 at Guildford, and in the dump at Weymouth ready for its last journey. Long letter by Peter Townsend (page 363) explains the final gyrations of this locomotive.,

Readers' forum. 242-3.
The Midland main line. Ian M. Arbon.
See page 27: concerning the correct name for Harringworth viaduct (Welland Viaduct); only the section from Melton Mowbray to Nottingham is closed; the remainder is still used or is usable. The lines shown in the Welland Viaduct picture are not the Market Harborough to Peterborough line, but the Seaton Junction to Luffenham connection/Uppingham branch. Writer queries why no through service to London is provided from Melton, Oakham and Corby
The Midland main line. David Williams.
See page 27: describes a Bedford to Leicester journey on 21 August 1965 when the train was diverted via Manton due to a derailment
The Midland main line. Editor.
Corriegenda: see page 27.
A salute to 'The Few'. D.J. Walters.
See Volume 14 page 732: refers to names of Battle of Britain class: Sir Trafford Leigh Mallory and his wife were killed in a plane crash in the Alps, near Le Riviere, en route to Ceylon in November 1944. Sir Keith Park returned to New Zealand following WW2.
Crisis, what crisis? John Pearse.
See Vol. 14 page 665: there were only two sets of water troughs between Liverpool Street and North Walsham (not three as stated); also further information on relationship between Fisher and Churchill during WW1.
Locomotive standardisation and standard locomotives. M. Johnson
See page 46 and 102: notes on tolerances, and their bearing on standardization. GWR could achieve 120,000 miles between general repairs, but in the USA this mileage could be attained within a year.
The symbols at your door. David Pearson.
See editorial on page 63. Heraldry still used by GNER: suggests more appropriate names for current power units. [KPJ: nothing more reassuring than arrival of class 150 with the name of the famous Cromer lifeboatsman Bloggs at West Runton, and to return with Edith Cavell from Norwich: pity the nameplates are not of a higher quality]
Bath Green Park. Graham Warburton.
More information needed by creators of vast model.
Perchance to dream. Charles Long.
See feature on Night Ferry on page 66: anecdote about Sir Brian Robertson's and Sir John Elliot's breakfasts being disturbed in the buffet car due to its "bad riding", induced by the footplate crew's determination to whisk their boss up to town

Signalling Spotlight - Great Central crossings in Lincolnshire. S.C. Dent (phot) and Richard D. Foster (notes). 244-5.
Col. illus.:Level crossing and box at Elsham in 1976, Level crossing and box at New Holland Town in 1974, Level crossing and box at Holton-le-Moor, Level crossing and box at North Kelsey,

Book reviews. 246.
An illustrated history of Southern wagons. Volume three: SECR. G. Bixley, A. Blackburn, R. Chorley and M. King. OPC. JW ****
drawings are "astonishingly clear"; "profusely illustrated"
Railways of Morley in South Leeds. A.J. Haigh. author. JW ***
"written with obvious enthusiasm"

Evening Sunshine at Tiverton [14xx 0-4-2T No 1450 on auto-train] in July 1961. Paul Strong. . rear cover

Number 5 (May 2001 15)

LMS 'Jubilee' 4-6-0 No. 45669 Fisher calls at Runcorn with a London express in 1959. Derek Penney. front cover.

Whose line is it anyway. 251.
Editorial: angst concerning the privatized railway mess designed to maximize Treasury revenue and accentuate the legalized blame culture, compared with the intergrated Midland Railway driven by true competition.

The Bowater saga of steam and paper. Brian Syddall. 252-9.
Edward Lloyd, newspaper proprietor, established a paper pill for newsprint at Sittingbourne in 1877 which was served by a horse-drawn tramway from Milton Creek. This creek silted up and new dock was constructed on The Swale at Ridham in 1913: this could be served by ocean-going vessels carrying wood pulp and logs. The dock was used by the Admiralty during WW1: amongst the locomotives used was Adamas LSWR 4-4-2T (Neilson WN 3209) which went to the EKR in 1919 and was acquired by the SR in 1946. It became BR 30583 and was acquired by the Bluebell Railway. Kemsley Mill was opened in 1924 with an aerial ropeway to the new dock, but the narrow gauge railway was also greatly extended. In 1954 a new lcomotive works was opened at Kemsley. Steam power was first acquired in 1906 when the concern had become known as Edward Lloyd Ltd. Kerr Stuart supplied three 0-4-2Ts for the 2ft 6in gauge and these were followed by an 0-6-2T from the same firm in 1920: this was an oil-burner known as Superior. A further 0-6-2T was supplied by W.G. Bagnall in 1922, this was followed by a fireless Bagnall 2-4-0 Unique (WN 2216) in 1924, and a smaller fireless 0-4-0 Victor in 1929. The company was absorbed into the Bowater Group in 1948 and further 0-4-2T and 0-6-2T (the latter considered to be "main line") locomotives were acquired. In 1953 an 0-4-4-0T Monarch was aquired from Bagnall. There were also second-hand purchases, especially for the standard gauge lines (notably the ex-SECR P class Pioneer), The railway ceased to serve its original purpose in the late 1960s, but most of the locomotives, and much of the track has been preserved. The mills continue to function, but now produce high class paper. The locomotive stock of 1963 is tabulated.

Britain's railways in 1900: a review. Part 1. John W.E. Helm. 260-4.
Lord Salisbury was Prime Minister: he was unusual in being a former railway chairman (GER), and whilst Parliament was in session a special train was maintained at King's Cross to take him to Hatfield should that be wished. The overall state of the United Kingdom economy and society in 1900 are surveyed. The Nation was isolated due to its war with the Boers and to its friction with France and the USA. It was beginning to be realised that Britain was losing its competitive position. There were extremes of wealth and of poverty. The railways were begining to experience competition from road transport, especially from trams. The turbine was beginning to revoltionize maritime transport (and electricity generation). There are five tables of railway statistics (all of which are fairly skeletal). There were four major companies: LNWR, GWR, MR and NER: these were markedly larger than any in the next group of ten (which included the three major constituents of the SR, the three Greats which fell into the LNER, the three major Scottish companies and the L&YR. There was then a large group of smaller companies, mainly with local interests, although some, such as the Highland covered large areas, or were powerful in a small area (ntably the TVR). There were 253 legal entitities: the top 20 are tabulated in order of route mileage (which also shows growth to 1912 - the GWR, GCR, CR and GSWR were notable in this respect). Electrification is mentioned. The locomotives and rolling stock of the top fourteen companies is tabulated. There is a table of new locomotive designs instituted in 1900, although this hedged with questions concerning the concept of "newness". The US Moguls were coming into service and eight-coupled freight locomotives were beginning to emerge, nevertheless Helm notes "One is struck by just how small most locomotives appear to be". There are copious notes. Part 2 page 388. Letter from Michael Smith criticising author's sweeping statements about London Underground sysem (page 482).

From horse to motor The decline of the faithful railway cart-horse. Ken Millet. 265-8.
Fairly general survey of how and why horse transport lasted into post-nationalizaation era in spite of pressure from local authorities (hygiene, damage to roads from steel tyres, loss of adhesion by horses) to change to mechanical power. Many goods stations were designed for horses. The Southern Railway rapidly abandoned horse-drawn vehicles, as did the North Eastern Area of the LNER. The LMS had remained with horses during the 1930s and defended their use. Fuel shortages during, and following, WW2 prolonged their use. Hores-haulage on the LMR ended in 1958. Prior to WW2 Lawley Street used 8500 cartage horses and 26,000 horse-drawn vehicled. See informative letter (page 482) concerning life, haulage capacity, etc of horses. Illus.:Camden goods station, Cardiff Newtown goods, 3 ton Scammel mechanical horse, 6 ton Scammel mechanical horse, two real horses and a Bedford Scammel OSS 6 ton unit at Paddington, Horse and Cart from Paddington at the Windsor Horse show 1949, A Scammel-Scarab articulated unit,

Caerphilly - the hub of the Rhymney Railway - Part 2. Edward A. Evans. 269-74.
Caerphilly Works dated from 1901 and were enlarged by the GWR. Includes reminiscences of John Lintern who entered the Works in 1951. The Caerphilly Tar Distillation Plant was established in 1939 by Powell Duffryn. Tables of Passenger traffic through Caerphilly from the GWR service timetable summer 1924 and Signalboxes in the Caerphilly area. Illus.:56xx no 6665 at the platform at Caerphilly works, Lines through Caerphilly in the mid 60s, General view of Caerphilly works, View from a train at Machen, 0-6-0PT no 6402 passing Penrhos junction, 72xx no 7245 at Llanbradach, 42xx no 4294 at Penrhos, 56xx class no 6660 at Penrhos, , 0-6-0PT no 3400 at Penrhos.

The North and West route - Part 2. 275-7.
Colour feature (of mainly scenic views).:Britannia no 70043 Lord Kitchener at Church Stretton on down express in August 1961 (Derek Penney), 4985 Allesley Hall at Craven Arms on freight on 27 July 1963 (Michael Mensing*), 7025 at Bayston Hill on northbound express on 24 September 1960(*), 43xx no 6330 at Hereford Station on 23 April 1962 (*), 42307 at Bayston Hill on Swansea express on 24 September 1960 (*), D860 Victorious at Marshbrook heading south on 27 July 1963 (*), 6981 Marbury Hall at Llanvihangel Summit on 18 August 1962 (R.C. Riley),

'Hurrah, hurrah, we bring the Jubilee'. Derek Penney (phot.). 278-9.
Col. illus.:Jubilee no 45577 Bengal at Shrewsbury in July 1963, 45686 St Vincent at Hartford on heavy up express in 1959, 45565 Victoria at Mytholmroyd on express in August 1966, 45596 Bahamas at Stockport Edgley shed in May 1966, 45642 Boscawen at Crewe Works in 1958.

'Schools' of excellence. . 280-1.
Col. illus.: 30913 Christ's Hospital (malachite green) at Redhill in 1948 (G.W. Powell), 30915 Brighton (in completely over-the-top black for Royal Train to Tatenham Corner for Derby in June 1953 at Stewarts Lane (R.H.N. Hardy), 30926 Repton (brunswick green polished for Royal Train to Derby) at Stewarts Lane on 2 June 1961 (Rodney Lissenden), Schools no 30905 Tonbridge (with high-sided tender) at Eastleigh coaling stage in September 1961, Schools no 30909 St Paul's at Shepherdswell on stopping train in June 1959 (G.H. Hunt), Schools no 30909 St Paul's (black) at Wadhurst with bircage set in June 1957 (C. Hogg),

Archibald Sturrock. A.W. Vernon-Harcourt. 282-7.
Writer is great-great grandson of subject of article and includes a paper handed down by his illustrious predecessor. The biographical information has been incorporated in the biographical section. There is also a note by Rutherford on the worthiness, or otherwise, of Sturrock's locomotives. See letter by Diggles on design of 264 class (page 542). See letter by Frank Goudie citing article by Rosling Bennet on page 423. Illus.:Line drawing; Dundee and Newtyle 4-2-0 or Trotter, The Big Engine no 215, Appointment letter from the GN, Archibald Sturrock presumably, LNE last express design A1 no 60118 Archibald Sturrock, Sturrock's last express engine, LNE last express design A1 no 60118 Archibald Sturrock being named by H.G.Ivatt, Diagram; the development of the Sturrock express engine,

The Sutton Tunnel Disaster. John C. Hughes. 288-90.
Illus.:Drawing; A Hick 2-2-2 as delivered to the BLCJ in 1851, Drawing; Tayleurs Albert and Victoria, Map; Accident at Sutton tunnel, West end of Sutton Tunnel, A closer view of the Sutton Tunnel now called Halton Tunnel in 1932,

Some notes on the 4-4-0 type and its final fling. Railway Reflections No. 77. Michael Rutherford. 292-9.
Henry R. Campbell was granted a US Patent for the type on 5 February 1836. Robert Stephenson had suggested the type to engineers from the B&O in the USA in 1828. The 4-4-0 was to become the standard type in the USA. In Britain D. Gooch used the 4-4-0T from 1849, and Robert Stephenson & Co. supplied 4-4-0Ts to the V of NR in 1851 and to the NLR in 1855. In 1858 a 4-4-0 design was supplied by the same firm to the Smyrna and Aiden Railway in 1858, and similar o/c locomotives were supplied to the LCDR, S&DR and GNoSR. Following disaastrous designs by Beattie for the LSWR Adams perfected the o/c 4-4-0 on that railway. The i/c 4-4-0 was developed by Thomas Wheatley at Cowlairs, by James Stirling at Kilmarnock and by Dugald Drummond. The superheated i/c 4-4-0 gave excellent service. Includes a Smith (HR) design for an enlarged Loch class and a Stanier design for an LMS County class 4-4-0 (Stanier was very rude about Churchward's County class and this is a most intriguing might have been). Bob Mills wrote (page 422) concerning the Stanier County. Illus.:Drawing for a 4-4-0 in 1836, Drawing for a De Glehn 4 cylinder compound, Drawing; Garbe's S6 class for the Prussian State railway, No 3835 County of Devon at Oxford, F.G.Smith's proposal for an improved Loch class, Highland no 74 Snaigow as LMS no 14522 at Aviemore, A proposal for a GE express goods engine, Highland no 74 Snaigow as LMS no 14522 at Aviemore, LNER D49 No 266 Forfarshire at Dundee, LNER no 362 as BR No 62765 The Goathland at Baldersby, Schools class No 30932 Blundell's at Eastleigh, Schools class No 931 King's Wimbledon at Clapham Junction, A proposal of 1941, Schools class No 30928 Stowe at Tonbridge, GNoI No 207 Boyne, List; Selected 4-4-0s and proposals of the 20th century, VS No 208 Lagan,

Rolling stock focus - four-wheel coil wagons of the 1960s. Paul W. Bartlett. 300-1.
Illus.:B949146 at Newport Dock on 26 April 1984, B949185 at Severn Tunnel Junction on 29 May 1985, B949154 (end view) at Newport Dock on 10 April 1982, B949154 at Cardiff Tidal Sidings on 30 September 1990.

Readers' Forum. 302.
A century and a half at 'Bracing Skegness'. ed.
Erratum: missing text
Memories of the Royal Engineers Railway Operating Corps. John Maloney.
Naples: eruption of volcano was Vesuvius not Etna.
Rambles by rail. J.P. Summers.
Walking tours in the London area: special walking tours tickets.
Midland main line. Stephen G. Abbott.
Harringworth viaduct: the Nottingham to St Pancras service by this route lasted until 4 March 1967.
The Burton & Ashby Light Railway. Tim Edmonds.
Burton and Ashby tramcar no 14 now in use in Detroit (illustrated).
The birth and demise of the train ferry. Gerald Jacobs.
PS Carrier built in 1858 for the Tay crossing was used between 1885 and 1888 from Langston to Brading Harbour (IoW).
The 'Night Ferry'. J. Edward (Ted) Roberts.
Writer used service for business trips from Middlebrough to Paris: at that time (1970s) was simpler than flying.
Information wanted. Trevor Booth.
CLC stores and workshops at Warrington.
Information wanted. Keith Speller.
Bell's Pottery (Glasgow Pottery): photographs (pottery was near Buchanan Street Station).

Book reviews. 303/6.
Royal Deeside's railway: Aberdeen-Ballater. Dick Jackson. Great North of Scotland Railway Association. GJH ****
Historic carriage drawings. Volume three: non-passenger coaching stock, Peter Tatlow, Pendragon. JW *****
excellent review
Timothy Hackworth, 1786-1850. Geoffrey E. Millburn. Timothy Hackworth Victorian and Railway Museum. JW *****
Third is devoted to his religeous beliefs - well reviewed.
Sir Henry Fowler: a versatile life. J.E. Chacksfield. Oakwood. MR ****
"reader will need to look elsewhere for in-depth appraisals of his locomotive design
Madeley & Leycett Collieries: Industrial Railway Record 161. Allan C. Baker. IRRS. JW ****
Talerddig in Great Western days. Gavin Briwnant Jones. Gomer MR *****

Colour files: on the level [crossings]. John Spencer Gilks. 304-5.
Parbold 29 May 1984; Barcombe Mills 18 Jan 1969; Foxfield 18 May 1967; Two views of Chartham 29 Aug 1990.

Shunting at Brechin. Roy Hobbs. rear cover.
64577 in May 1966.

Number 6 (2001 June)

Foot of Hatton Bank with a BR 'Western' diesel - hydraulic No D1015 Western Champion. P.J. Hughes. front cover
Golden ochre livery in 1962.

On shed at Carlisle Kingmoor. 312-13.
illus.: Coronation No 46242 City of Glasgow (green) comes face to face with 46247 City of Liverpool (red) at Carlisle (page 312); No 42884 at Carlisle (page 312); Royal Scot no 46107 Argyll and Sutherland Highlander (Gavin Morrison); BR 9F no 92160 (Les Elsey); Jubilee No 45562 Alberta on 7 October 1967 (Robert Leslie); Merchant Navy No 35012 United States Line on 13 June 1964, having arruived on RCTS tour (Gavin Morrison 3)

Merry-go-round Memories. Keith Hill. 314-17.
illus.: BR class 25 no 25.146 at Whitehaven (page 314); BR class 58 no 58.004 at Toton (page 314); Brush type 4, BR class 47 no D 1799 at Shirebrook (page 316); Brush type 4, BR class 47 no D 1899 at Shirebrook (page 316); Class 20's nos 20.194 and 196 meet 20.192 and 181 at Bank Quay (page 317); Class 56 no 56.102 Scunthorpe Steel Centenary at Knottingly (page 317)

Railway damage and disruption in World War II: Plymouth and Devonport - Part 1. B.W.L. Brooksbank. 318-22.
Part 2 page 408: See also description of being a GWR cleaner/fireman during this period in Plymouth (Vol. 17 page 701). illus.: Millbay passenger station now used only for freight (see letter from Graham Thorne page 482 which states that hotel described as the Continental was the Duke of Cornwall, also gives reason for closure of Lipson Vale Halt); Map; Railways in the Plymouth area (page 319); The remains of carriage and wagon stock at Plymouth on 21 April 1941 (page 320); The concourse of Millbay station in Aug. 1941 now used only for freight (page 321); Millbay passenger station destroyed in April 1941 (page 322)

Grimsby fish trains. A.J. Ludlam. 323-9.
illus.: GCR class 8 no 1068 at Rothley in 1922 (page 323); Grimsby fish docks in the late 1920s (page 323); A J63 with fish vans for the passenger train at Grimsby Docks Station (page 324); Cleethorpe Road Dock Crossing c 1902 (page 324); GCR class 8 no 1069 at Grimsby (page 324); A new fish van at Grimsby Docks (page 325); GCR class 9P no 1164 at New Basford, Nottingham in 1920 (page 325); GCR class 9Q no 37 at Rothley in 1922 (page 326); V2 no 4774 at Potters Bar with King's Cross-Grimsby empty fish vans on 27 July 1946 (page 326); K3/2 no 61912 at Boston with Grimsby-King's Cross fish train on 5 June 1952 (page 327); BR 9F no 92193 at Grimsby with fish train for London in April 1961 (page 328); aerial view of Grimsby in 1972 (page 329)

Runaway!  Michael Blakemore. 330-4.
On evening of 9 December 1947 G2A 0-8-0 ran away on Miles Platting bank with a train of loaded tank wagons and crashed in Manchester Victoria Station. Brig. C.A. Langley conducted the inquiry. Also considers another runaway on 10 June 1970 at Bury West. illus.: LMS class 5 no 42983 at Manchester (page 330); LMS no 8903 on the concourse at Manchester Victoria (page 330); Miles Platting station in 1957; Class 5 no 45287 climbing Miles Platting Bank (page 331); Stanier no 42474 at Manchester Victoria (page 331); G2A no 9369 (page 332); Map; the route of the runaway at Manchester (page 332); Bury West signal box (page 334); LMS 4MT no 42592 at Bury Knowsley Street  (page 334)

Secret Service: unadvertised service from Clapham Junction to Kensington Olympia. 335.
Col. illus.: LMS Class 2 no 41312 at Kensington Olympia, and  leaving under the Hammersmith road bridge and on the viaduct before Ludgate junction near Clapham Junction (viewed from train) all  30 June 1967.

'Western' Spectrum. 336-7.
Col. illus.: Western no D1015 Western Champion in golden ochre at Reading in January 1963 (B.J. Swain); no D1023 Western Fusilier in maroon with its sister D1000 Western Enterprise in desert sand at Old Oak Common,  on 11 April 1964 (R.C. Riley*); D1059 Western Empire in maroon nearing Paddington, on 19 Oct 1963 (*); unidentified Western in standard locomotive green with Castle no 5091 Cleeve Abbey at Swindon  on 9 September 1962 (D.C. Piddington); D1015 Western Champion still in golden ochre at Dawlish, in June 1964 (Cliff Woodhead); D1037 Western Empress in bright blue at Bristol Bath Road in April 1969 (F. Hornby)

Down to Weymouth Harbour. Michael Rutherford (captions). 338-9.
Col. illus.: Class 1366 no 1368 at Ferry's corner with boat train in July 1959 (G.H. Hunt); 1368 negotiates Alexandra Terrace with boat train in May 1960 (S.C. Townroe); 1368 On Custom House quay with vans (J.H. Moss); Class 1361 was used breifly on the Harbour tramway in April 1960 but was not powerful enough for the work at Weymouth (J. Harrison); 1368 on the quay with express for Paddington (G.H. Hunt)

The Midland north of Leeds. 340-2.
Col, illus.: LMS class 5 no 44662 at Holbeck, Leeds with parcels train (Joe Richardson*); LMS Ivatt class 4 no 43135 at Crossflatts, with unfitted freight (Derek Pdenney); Peak no 46.039 at Leeds City Station (*); An unloved Jubilee no 45629 Straits Settlements on express freight near Kirkstall (*); Black Five no 45273 at Keighley (page 341); Jubilee no 45593 Kolhapur at Shipley in July 1966 (Derek Penney); 9F no 92160 at Skipton (*); A DMU calls at Settle (Bruce Oliver)

Traction Inspector. Harry Friend. 343-8.
illus.: A8 no 69858 banks an up express out of Durham (page 343); J39 No. 64945 at Benton Quarry, Tyneside (page 343); B1 no 61019 Nilghai at Durham (page 344); NER Q6 no 63458 at Sunderland (page 344); A3 no 60036 on Relly Mill Viaduct at Durham (page 345); B1 no 61012 Puku at Newcastle, Tyneside (page 346); BR class 3 no 7012 at Durham (page 346); BR Sulzer type 2 no D5104 at Three Horse Shoes, Tyneside (page 347); Deltic no D9002 The King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry at Durham (page 347); A DMU at Haltwhistle, Carlisle (page 348)

Pocket pugs from Jack Lane: Quarry engines and their cousins, Part 1. (Railway Reflections No. 78). Michael Rutherford. 349-55.
Narrow gauge locomotives for quarries and similar industrial uses, especially those produced in Leeds by such firms as Manning Wardle, Part 2 on page 412. illus.: Diagram; Isaac Watt Boulton's Little Grimsby (page 349); Diagram; John Ramsbottom's Tiny (page 349); Diagram; Manning Wardle & Co's loco for the Festiniog railway (page 349); Hunslet's Dinorwic No 51 loco for the Festiniog railway (page 350); Manning Wardle & Co's loco for the Festiniog railway on Gelly viaduct (page 350); Diagram; Manning Wardle & Co's loco Lord Raglan for the Royal Arsenal (page 351); Diagram; Manning Wardle & Co's locodeveloped from Lord Raglan (page 351); Hunslet's Blanche at Port Penrhyn, Bethesda (page 351); Hunslet Penrhyn Port class Lilian at Port Penrhyn, Bethesda (page 352); The prototype quarry engine built in 1882 (page 352); Hunslet small quarry engine Velinhedi at Dinorwic, Bethesda (page 353); Clarke's Culverin class (page 354); The last Manning Wardle for Woolwich was Arquebus (page 354); Hunslet no 754 Oldbury at Nuneaton, Coventry (page 355); Mills or Tram class Cackler at Llanberis (page 355)

A singular double - Part 2. Robin Barnes. 356-62.
The 4-2-2-0 James Toleman, the innovator of which was F.C. Winby, was exhibited at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893. The locomotive was patented (17287 and 17849): the former was for a special form of boiler. The locomotive was constructed by Hawthorn Leslie. See letter by Diggles on page 543 for further biographical information. illus.: Drawing; F.C.Winby locomotive from the patent specification (page 356); Drawing; F.C.Winby locomotiveas it appeared (page 356); A perspective engraving of James Toleman (page 357); Cross sectional diagram; James Toleman (page 358); Photograph; James Toleman (page 358); A classic 'american' type 4-4-0 at Purdue railway museum, USA (page 359); The crowded interior of the Purdue railway museum, USA (page 359); Queen Empress on the banks of the Hudson, USA (Robin Barnes painting)(page 360); Photograph; James Toleman as steamed in the USA (page 361); A classic 'american' type 4-4-0 in the late 1900s, USA (page 362); Dugald Drummonds first large passenger engine for the LSWR (page 362); Leading dimensions of James Toleman and selected 19th century British and 'American' locomotives (page 362)

Readers' Forum. 363/6.
The Multi-Purpose Experiment. Martin C. Baumann
See feature page 194. Corrections and additions: Power cars were Nos.36-65, not 39-65 as shown. Additional trailer not mentioned: No.543 (non-corridor vehicle). Originally Nos.529-543 were all driving trailers, but when non-corridor vehicles were rebuilt the driving cabs were removed (535-539, 543). These conversions, plus those of 46-53, took place between 1968 and 1970 and not as stated. No.48 remained non-corridor until withdrawal in June 1976 and was only used for shunting in latter years. No.64, and not 65, survived until 1984. No.65 was withdrawn in 1979 and 63 in 1980. Nos 51, 52 and 59 survived in passenger service until early 1980 as did No.538. The following vehicles were used as locomotive hauled coaches from May 1979 until about September 1983: Nos. 49, 61, 535, 536, 539, 540, 541, 542. In the case of Nos.49 and 61 the engines were removed. Not true to say that no MPD vehicles have survived. Driving Trailer 532 has been preserved by the Railway Preservation Society of Ireland at Whitehead and the same society has 548 as part of its Dublin-based steam-hauled set. 550 is also an RPSI vehicle. This coach was initially used in BUT railcar sets before conversion to MPD use. Further information in original letter.
The Multi-Purpose Experiment. John L. Miller
See page 194: tablet exchange apparatus was used on Swindon-built DMUs in Scotland. This much is correct, but the units so fitted were not the Inter-City type as stated. Tablet exchange apparatus was fitted to the seven Cross-Country (later Class 120) units built for the Aberdeen-Inverness service. The apparatus itself was installed in recesses in the guard's doors on the - Driving Motor Brake Composite cars, four of which were later converted to DMBF when the second class seating area was converted for luggage. These units were overhauled in Glasgow and could occasionally be seen working in the Glasgow area. I saw SC51787, still with tablet exchange apparatus fitted, in Glasgow Central on 24th April 1980. Writer involved with restoration of the Inter-City (Class 126) DMU at Boness and I am sure that none of the Inter-City units ever carried tablet exchange apparatus.
The Multi-Purpose Experiment. Alan McFarren
See page 194: author makes reference to the tablet exchange apparatus being used to transfer rolled-up newspapers. I. understand that a newspaper was positioned in the tablet catcher to prevent the jaws closing over after an exchange was made. This (unofficial) arrangement made for easier removal of the received pouch.
Cornwall Minerals Railway. P.Q. Treloar
See page 172: written by a Cornishman interested in railway history. Note 6 in article refers to Brian Reed's brief biography of Francis Trevithick in his book on Crewe Works. , but. Rutherford does not mention Reed's words, "After leaving Crewe Trevithick returned to Cornwall and became factor of the Trehidy (?Tehidy) estates, of which his grandfather had been mineral agent in the eighteenth century". That was in 1857. Francis lived until 1877 so he could well have been consulted about the CMR's locomotive requirements in the early seventies. As he was the best-known descendant of a famous Comishman and a well-known locomotive engineer, it seems to me to be almost certain he was the person consulted rather than any other 'F' in the family. Incidentally, there is a good family tree in the centenary biography of Trevithick (Dickinson & Titley, Cambridge University Press, 1934).
Note 22 mentions Keast's biography of Treffry. Treloar had a copy but it is, of course, largely irrelevant to the CMR as Treffry died in 1850. However, it is worth noting that his horse-worked tramway was completed between Par and Newquay just before his death. It was adapted as a locomotive line to create the CMR. He was also chairman of the Cornwall Railway in its early, struggling years.
Rutherford states the china clay traffic was "mostly taken round thie east coast, down the Trent and then via the Trent & Mersey Canal to ... the Potteries". Writer believes that, at least once the Canal was fully open, it went almost entirely via the better route up the west coast to Liverpool then down the Canal. See eg Charles Hadfield, Canals of the West Midlands (D&C, 1985), pp.205/6 and 229 and Jean Lindsay, The Trent & Mersey Canal, (D&C, 1979), p.114.
Anyone interested in the subject should read John Vaughan's excellent book The Newquay Branch and its Branches, OPC, 1991. He gives the traditional account of Francis Trevithick's involvement without source and that must now be modified in the light of Rutherford's researches. Apart from that there is some splendid material on the early tramways and railways, as well as good coverage of the GWR and BR periods, all very well illustrated. There are, I think, five shots of the CMR tanks: in original condition in plates 18 and 21, fully rebuilt in plate 19, part rebuilt with original boiler in plate 86 and rebuilt in plate 151. Plate 28, which purports to show one on Trenance Viaduct, unfortunately shows a Metro tank like the one in plate 27 above it.
A Most Singular Standard. Peter Townsend
Feature page 240: concerning No.77014's last days on the Southern. The (then) new power signal box at Basingstoke was commissioned on Saturday night/Sunday 26th/27th November 1966. As was customary at the time, the Chief Signal & Telecommunications Engineer and his Assistant CS&TE. were provided with the Officer's Saloon (brought to site by a Standard Class 4 2-6-0) in which to spend the night (the rest of us had to work!) but shortly after arrival there was a loco change; No.77014 was substituted and spent the rest of the night providing steam heating for the train, parked near the box in what are today the up side EMU stabling sidings. At one stage during the night, the loco was allowed back to the station for water and in the process ran through the siding points! The following morning, all of us who were Salaried Staff and Management Staff were provided with a cooked breakfast on the Saloon; after a night's work it was one of the best breakfasts I've ever had! Those of us who had been on the night turn duly handed over to the Sunday day staff and booked off at about midday; No.77014 was still on the Saloon as we left Basingstoke and that was the last I saw of it until after it had been withdrawn, at Weymouth.
Information wanted. John Hague
Request for information: DMU/EMUs retaining green into the 1970s and/or gaining full yellow ends in the late 1960s/early 1970s; DMU/EMUs that gained blue but retained small yellow warning panels into the 1970s; coaches of pre-nationalisation design running in this period or in blue/grey; BR Mkl coaches that retained maroon/green or chocolate and cream in the late '60s/early '70s.
North from King's Cross. John Massey
See page 139 for David Jenkinson's observations on photographs by Eric Treacy. The photographs demonstrate how successfully Treacy was able to combine his pastoral duties with his hobby His appointment as an Archdeacon in 1949 brought the perk of visiting London three times a year for four days at a time to attend meetings of the Church Assembly. He took advantage of these visits to take photographs in the mornings and evenings at London termini. Although there is no evidence in Treacy's eleven books that he took any photographs at King's Cross before nationalisation, he certainly tried his hand at a few locations on the East Coast Main Line in the late 1930s. His books contain ten or so photos taken in 1938/1939 at various locations between Finsbury Park and Potters Bar. It is evident from his books that he retumed to these locations a few times during the 1950s and 1960s. It must have been on one of these .

Colour files Postcards from the past. Andrew Swift. 364-365.
Locomotive Publishing Co. postcards illus.: LSWR engine in green livery; Midland compound 1032 in crimson lake livery; NER Atlantic in green livery; Great Northern Atlantic 288 in apple green livery L&YR 4-6-0 in black livery; LBSCR 4-4-0 in umber livery with LNWR train.

Westmorland Wilderness: 'Black Five' 4-6-0 descending Shap. Peter Tatlow. rear cover.
Fast freight on 26 June 1967.

Number 7

A pair of 'Dukedogs' arriving at Minffordd. Derek Penney. front cover.
In superb finish with gleaming copper-capped chimney two of Collett's masterpieces arrive on Festiniog Railway Society special on 26 April 1958 (the rolling stock was far superior to that used nowadays, however.).

Over the hills and far away. Michael Blakemore. 371.
Editorial based on Molly Hughes' A London girl of the 1880s. Our intrepid Virgin (how apt) travelled on the Night Mail from Redruth to Birmingham, and lost her hamper at Plymouth, and found New Street as bad as any modern maiden would, manages to get to Shrewsbury, and there awaits a later train so as not to inconvenience her fiancé's parents by an early arrival, is amazed at the mountains, survives a change at Dovey Junction and reaches Aberdovey. Her comments on the Cambrian Railways: "the trains are few, and not invariably late... An hour was the usual time for them to be behind schedule". [|KPJ at this point Paul Theroux marvelled that he could have been home in London in time for bed]. Her fiancé' took her for a trip on the Corris Railway.

The ACE: 75 years since the Southern played its trump card. Keith Hill.  372-8.
The Atlantic Coast Express: unfortunately the writer was too young to see the train in its glory days, or the LSWR mainline before it was singled, and the train roaring through Basingstoke and Templecombe going flat out with its whistle shreiking. Only the 1.25 a.m. from Waterloo was perhaps even more magic with its dash to the West: even the early diesel locomotives could not detract from the wonder of this train. Illus.:Merchant Navy no 35001 Channel Packet at Basingstoke, Merchant Navy no 35016 Bodmin, Merchant Navy no 35099 Shaw Savill at Honiton, Battle of Britain no 34083 605 Squadron at Padstow, West Country no 34011 Tavistock at Exeter, King Arthur no 456 Sir Galahad at Milbourne Port, King Arthur no 767 Sir Valence, Lord Nelson no 851 Sir Francis Drake at Salisbury, Battle of Britain no 34065 Hurricane at King's Nympton, West Country no 34023 Blackmore Vale at Exeter, Battle of Britain no 34063 229 Squadron at Padstow, West Country no 34030 Watersmeet at Launceston, Lord Nelson no E865 Sir John Hawkins at Maybury, SR class N no 832 piloted by LSW M7 no 322 with another M7 no 45 banking at Braughton,

The railway guidebooks of George Measom. J.D. Bennett. 379-81.
George Samuel Measom who was born in Greenwich on 3 December 1818 trained as a wood engraver and used this skill to develop railway guidebooks, the first of which Illustrated guide to the Great Western Railway was published in 1852. Advertising produced a steady revenue and enabled him to build St. Margaret's Lodge in Twickenham in 1861. He was knighted in 1891 for his charitable work and died on 1 March 1901. Many of the guides are listed in Ottley. Illus.:The cover of the illustrated guide to the Great Northern, The Great Northern Hotel, King's Cross from the guide, The official advertised; Advert for Stevens and Son, railway signals, London Bridge terminus from the official guide, The tailpiece used in every guidebook,

George Hughes: a lifetime of solid achievement squandered by political expediency?. Geoffrey Williams. 382-6.
A personal assessment which adds a little to George Hughes and his work as Chief Mechanical Engineer of the L&YR and early LMS where he clearly encountered difficulties on that ill-considered conglomerate and was presumably forced to retire. One wonders if the writer had read Marshall's study (Volume 3) which relates a considerable amount about the successful final 2-6-0 design which emerged mainly from Horwich, with only minor tinkering by Derby . See letter from Keith Horne (page 542) who objects to civil engineers being alleged to be off their trolleys, as presumably implied by Williams, and to the changes made in calculating bridge stresses in 1921, and that the railways at that were "beginning to creak" as "at present". Illus.:Presumably LYR no 884, LYR no 1452, LYR no 1504 at Aintree, A 1506 class locomotive, No 223 at Farington, Crab no 2783,

Station station!. Keith Scholey. 387.
Relates how vauxhall came to be the Russian word for a railway station, and describes the origins of Vauxhall Station and its taultological possibilities. Illus.:Cross section; Vauxhall station 1892, Vauxhall station exterior 1904,

Britain's railways in 1900, a review. Part 2. John W.E. Helm. . 388-92.
Part 1 on page 260.  Part 3 see page 526. Data presented include a summary of fastest start to stop trains by company in 1900, fastest trains London to major destinations 1900 & 1912, passenger numbers, the top 14 companies in 1900, passenger numbers, the top 20 companies 1900 & 1912, freight tonnages, the top 20 companies 1900, combined tonnages, the top 20 companies 1900 & 1912, train mileages, the top 14 companies1900 & 1912, See letter by W. Taylor on page 607 concerning GCR growth in freight traffic. Illus.:Dunalistair III no 901 at Carlisle, LTS no 61 Kentish Town, GER Claud Hamilton no 1891, Aspinal 0-8-0 at Luddendenfoot, GC no 971,

As it was - Rochdale station June 1965. Jeffrey Wells. 393-4.
Photo-feature (b&w).:Map; Rochdale station 1910, Rochdale station booking office, Rochdale, the centre of the up platform, Rochdale, the Station master's and telegraph offices, Rochdale, the subway stairs,

Chiltern contrasts: steam on the Great Western/Great Central Joint line. Celyn Leigh-Jones (phot.). 395.
Col. illus.:County no 1012 County of Denbigh at Gerrards Cross, LMS class 5 no 44862 at Gerrards Cross, LNER A1 no 60114 at Beaconsfield,

All work and little play [Midland 0-6-0 tanks]. 396-7.
Col. feature: Johnson class 1 41739 at Staveley on 5 March 1961 (R.C. Riley), LMS class 3 no 47307 at Willesden on 24 April 1963 (Geoff Rixon), Midland class 3 no 47202 fitted with condensing gear at Cricklewood out of service on 24 August 1963 (Geoff Rixon), LMS class 3F no 47590 at Northampton in September 1964 (Geoff Rixon), Midland 1F no 41734 at Staveley (as first). See letter from Essery (page 542) and further contribution from same writer on page 610 which corrects some errors both in the captions and in letter on page 542. Essery objected to term "half cab" applied to first and last.

Classic Pacific. . 398-9.
Col. feature.:LMS Coronation no 46229 Duchess of Hamilton in BR red (with BR type lining) at Glasgow Central in June 1959 (Derek Penney), A4 no 60019 Bittern at Auchterarder on 28 May 1966 (Roy Hobbs), A1 no 60158 Aberdonian at Peterborough on freight in July 1962, 34051 Winston Churchill at Woking in 1962 (both latter Geoff Rixon),

Ramblings in the Cotswolds. . 400-1.
Colour feature.: 5518 at Andoversford on Cheltenham to Kingham train (carmine & cream stock) in October 1955 (S.C. Townroe), 5514 at Bourton-on-the-Water in July 1959 (C.J. Gammell), two views of 4109 at Notgrove on 10 October 1962 (Paul Strong), 6412 at St Mary's Crossing on 4 April 1964 (J.S. Gilks), Tetbury station with an AC railbus in the station,

A pair of 'Sandringhams'. G.W.Powell (phot.). 402.
Illus.:Sandringham / B17 no 61612 Houghton Hall  and Sandringham B17 no 61668 Bradford City (still in apple green), both  at Mark's Tey,

There must be an alternative [early options for means of propulsion other than the self-contained steam locomotive]. Part 1. Arthur R. Nicholls. 403-7.
Horse traction remained normal almost to the end of steam traction, but this feature concentrates upon horse "locomotives" where it was applied via a treadmill type of mechanism. Systems described included Thomas Brandreth's Cyclopede which was demonstrated at Rainhill and achieve 6 mile/h; the Bramley & Parker patent locomotive with a geared treadmill. This was tried on the LSWR. The Impulsoria which was made in Italy was demonstrated at Nine Elms. The Pedomotive used human power on the London & Croydon. Chapman attempted to develop a form of cable haulage. Stationary engines were widely used on the S&DR, the Canterbury & Whitstable Railway, from Euston to Camden and the London & Blackwall Railway [Glasgow Queen Street to Cowlairs is not mentioned]. The endless screw was developed in the USA by Ezra Coleman and the Never Stop Railway was employed at the British Emire Exhibition. Sail power was employed on Henry Robinson Palmer's eccentric monorail in 1822. Sail power was also used on the Newtyle & Coupar Angus Railway between 1837 and 1841. Levi Bissell developed a pneumatic locomotive in 1841. Originally conceived as working at 2000 psi it was tried on the ECR at 200 psi in 1841.  Part 2 on page 463. Illus.:Sketch; Bramley and Parker's horse-powered locomotive, Sketch; Thomas Brandreth's Cyclopede, Sketch; The Patent Impulsoria, Sketch; William Xchapman's chain propelled locomotive, Camden town fixed engine station 1838, People sitting in the Thames tunnel, Sketch; A wind-driven monorail, Sketch; Parsey's compressed air locomotive as built, Sketch; Parsey's compressed air locomotive as originally proposed, Sketch; Temporary sail and horse back-up on the Newtyle & Coupar Angus railway 1837-41,

Railway damage and disruption in World War Two: Plymouth and Devonport - Part 2. B.W.L. Brooksbank 408-11.
There were heavy and damaging raids in March and April 1941 which caused considerable loss of life and greatly damaged both the GWR and SR facilities. Diversion of services into Cornwall had to take place via Wadebridge. Part 1 started on page 318. Concluding part (3) page 441. Letter writer queries what happened to passengers when Bowden Hall destroyed: Paul Joyce (page 543) quotes eye-witness who survived. Illus.:Millmay on 21st Mar. 1941 at Plymouth, No 4911 Bowden Hall after receiving an almost direct hit at Keyham signal box at Plymouth, The sceneat Keyham box three days later. 4911 is a write off but no one was hurt at Plymouth, West Wharf on 22nd April 1941 at Plymouth,

Pocket pugs from Jack Lane: Quarry engines and their cousins, part 2. (Railway Reflections No. 79). Michael Rutherford. 412-21.
Hunslet locomotives for the North Wales slate quarries. First locomotive supplied in 1882. Author also takes a sharp look at what he describes as the commisar of English Heritage, Sir Neil Cossons, who is in overall charge of NRM and his distaste for railway enthusiasm. Rutherford also supplies details of Nock type driving on Bala Lake Railway! Part 1 on page 349. See letter by Ingham on page 543. Illus.:Dorothea in what remains of the engine shed at Dorothea quarry, Prototype 7"x10" was an enlargement of a 6" design epitomised here by E. Jago at Camelford, Hunslet no 1430 Dolbadarn, Hunslet no 827 Sybil, Linda under overhaul at Bethesda, Map; LNWR and slate lines in NW Wales, The yard at Coed-y-Parc at Bethesda, Footplate view from an Alice class, Jerry M and Crackler, Lilla in the Penrhyn scrap line, Blanche about to leave Bethesda, Jubilee 1897, Linda's first season on the Festiniog, things are a bit temporary at Portmadoc, Table 1; A selection of early narrow gauge locomotives, Table 2; Dimensions of small Hunslet quarry and related classes, Linda's third season on the Festiniog, things are looking more permenant at Portmadoc, Table 3; Hunslet locomotives used on 2' gauge in North Wales slate quarries, George B resting with crew at the bottom level at Dinorwic, The moonscape of Dinorwic with George B in the foreground, The waste heap moonscape of Dinorwic, Blanche about to leave Bethesda,

Readers' forum. 422-3.
The forgotten army. Rob Hines.
See Railway Reflections page 228: older track tended to rise and fall with the train (as noted on old LMS mainline out of Euston.
The multi-purpose experiment. John Macnab.
See page 194. The Swindon units (class 120) were fitted with automatic tablet catchers for the Aberdeen to Inverness services.
The double decker. D.W. Winkworth.
Refers to letter by David Monk-Steel [not published] concerning Winkworth's feature on page 198: seating followed style of double deck buses used in Rome and illustrated in Southern Railway Magazine of September 1931; the units were split and operated independently between the rush hours. Notes error in Number of unit in caption (page 201)
The double decker. Claude R. Hart.
See feature page 198:  former commuter's problems: alighting from upper deck; claustrophobia, poor ventilation. [KPJ: used units once or twice at an age when it was enjoyable experience: did not notice greater lateral movement which is very obvious in far more sophisticated Dutch units used between Schipol and Amsterdam Centraal].
The double decker. D.A. Tebbs.
See page 198: Problems by motormen with EP brake gear; user who found ventilation satisfactory; delays caused by ten-car sets at Metropolitan Junction; problems with smaller wheels; memories of Barrington-Ward's management methods (concerning accident at level crossing involving Tees-Tyne Pullman).
The 'Golden Arrow'. John Pearse.
See photo-feature on page 160: Political correctness in naming: Austerlitz preceded Waterloo? Iron Duke was no worse than Lord Nelson?
The 4-4-0 type and its final fling. Robert Mills.
Remarks concerning the highly improbable "Stanier" 4-4-0 (see page 292): Mills notes LMS reluctance to replace short turntables and suggests good basis for Basset-Lowke steam or Hornby 0 gauge.
Archibald Sturrock. Frank. W. Goudie.
See page 282: Quotes Rosling Bennet's article in the Railway Magazine for 1908 for the very rapid conversion of locomotives to condensing for service on the Metropolitan Railway.

Book reviews. 423/6.
The world commuter, Christopher Portway. Summersdale. RH **
Travelogue where "the blue pencil might have been employed with profit".
Goodbye to Victoria - the last Queen Empress: the story of Queen Victoria's funeral train. Peter J. Kent. Oakwood. MB *****
"This book offers both a social and railway perspective on a defining moment and as such is highly commended."
Midland engines. No. 3 - the class 2 superheated 4-4-0s. David Hunt, Bob Essery and Fred James. Wild Swan. MR *****
"lack of full references is a little more serious" and should have lost a star in KPJ's galaxy
Midland Record. [Issue 14]. Bob Essery, Wild Swan. MR *****
More about class 2 4-4-0 (ibid), aesthetics of Johnson's earliest locomotives, station nameboards, memoirs by drivers & signalmen.
The ramblings of a Great Eastern engineman. Albert Grose. author. DWM ****
Memories of working on N7 class from Hertford East.

Signalling spotlight - On the North York Moors. Richard D. Foster and David Sutcliffe (phot.). 424-5.
Illus.:Goathland summit signal box, Newton Dale closed signal box, The south end of Pickering station in 1965, Glaisdale signal box, Signals at Levisham station,

Over the sea to Skye. - A Class 24 at the Kyle of Lochalsh. Joe Richardson. rear cover

Number 8 (2001 August)

The A4 4-6-2 No 60009 'Union of South Africa' at Perth. Derek Penney. . front cover
Glasgow to Aberdeen express May 1964.

Dinner in the diner. Nothing could be finer. Michael Blakemore. 431.
The joy of eating on the train within the confines of the East Lancashire Railway (hardly prototypical should have been fish & chips in newspaper) amd on Steam Dreams. Freshly made cibatta on First Great Western was the only good feature of chaotic trip on that operator's trains last year (2002).

Steam at Shrewsbury. Derek Penney. . 432-3.
Col. illus.: all July 1963: 6826 Nannerth Grange, 46238 City of Carlisle meets a Hall, 28xx no 3834 on freight arriving from North Wales, GWR Manor no 7812 Erlestoke Manor on a breakdown train,

Between Crewe and Shrewsbury. Michael H.C. Baker. 434-40.
Memories of holidays spent at Hadnall during WW2, and which included the sight of a blue LMS stramlined Pacific, and a later viewing of a black streamlined Duchess. Travel on stopping trains bewteen Hadnall and Wem or Shrewsbury behind a great variety of motive power. Baker's sense of angst concerning the failure to preserve any of the LNWR's express locomitives. See letter concerning pub in Yorton (page 610). Illus.(b&w): class 5 No 5293 arriving Hadnall on stopping train in 1930s, 46224 Princess Alexandra enters Hadnall on stopping train on 22 May 1959 (author), 46204 Princess Louise at Shrewsbury on running-in turn (author), LNWR 2P no 46616 in store at Crewe in 1950. Colour illustrations: LNWR Prince of Wales no 25725 at Shrewsbury in 1938, LMS compound 1014 (red), 6232 Duchess of Montrose all at Shrewsbury in 1938 (P.B. Whitehouse); 46251 City of Nottingham (red) at Shrewsbury on 15 August 1963 (F.W. Shuttleworth); 45654 Hood at Shrewsbury in July 1963 (Derek Penney). B&w: No 46202 Princess Anne on 23 August 1952 (P.J. Shoesmith), Patriot no 45515 Caernavon at Yorton on 11 September 1959 (author), LMS 8F no 48110 at Yorton on 13 September 1961 (author), LMS Jubilee no 45629 Straits Settlements at Haston on 5 September 1959 (author), DMU at Wem in May 1982 (author), BR std class 5 no 73131 at Haston on 5 September 1958 (author),

Railway damage and disruption in World War II: Plymouth and Devonport. Part 3. B.W.L. Brooksbank. 441-4.
Part 2 was on page 408: Reproductions of letters held in PRO concerning the effects of bombing on railway activities, awards to railway staff and raids which took place later in the War (between 1942 and 1944). Illus.:North Road station 21 Mar 1941, Millbay station same day, Hall class no 4911 Bowden Hall written off by bomb damage, gutted stables at Millbay,

Counsels of perfection? a new look at Robinson Great Central Railway locomotives. Philip Atkins. 445-52.
A very interesting article which notes that the Gorton drawing registers are now part of the NRM collections and these both fail to fully substantiate the proposals for a 2-10-0 and 4-6-4T in 1910, but do give greater substance to later 2-10-2 and 4-6-2 proposals. The article also shows the effects of the neighbouring Beyer Peacock factory and the probability that the excellent Atlantics were designed there and considers the relationship of Gorton design to the NBR Atlantics. There are references to the development of the 3-cylinder 0-8-4T and to similar three-cylinder designs on the NER (4-8-0T, S3 4-6-0 and T3 0-8-0), the influence of the ARLE Committee, of which Churchward was Chairman, and to the activities of several specific draughtsmen. See also letter from John Bushby (page 667) concerning conversion of 8K 2-8-0s to broad gauge and see letter in Vol. 16 page 55 by Keith Chester wihich suggests that conversion of ROD 2-8-0 class to broad gauge was improbable. Illus.: GCR 4-4-2 in all its glory, Maker's portraits of prototype 4-4-2 and 4-6-0 express engines, Brand new director no 430 Purdon Viccars, Prototype express no 423 Sir Sam Fay, A London suburban locomotive , An eight coupled 100 ton shunting tank locomotive, Sketch; A bridge between the phases?, GC war memorial loco Valour as LNER no 6165 at Nottingham on 21 March 1934 (G.H.F. Atkins), Prototype no 72 derived from an express design, A 2-6-4T, A 4-6-2T heavy suburban tank no 448, Sketch; a proposal for a two cyl 2-10-0, Comparative diagrams for the 8M and the derived 8N, One of the final ten 9Qs, NBR no 878 Hazeldean at Carlisle,

Great Eastern Class 37s in the 1970s. John D. Mann. 453-4.
B&w illus.:Class 37 no 37.075 at Clacton in April 1976, Class 37 no 37.118 at Manningtree on 9 April 1974, Class 37 no 37.115 at Ipswich on 20 September 1976, Class 37 no 37283 at Manningtree on 22 September 1976, Unidentified class 37 at Colchester on 17 September 1974,

Great Western on the Southern. 455.
Col. illus.: Western Region locomotives worked over Southern Region to Bournemouth via Southampton and to Redhill. 5934 Kneller Hall at Eastleigh on 1 June 1962 (Les Elsey), 7816 Frilsham Manor at Betchworth on 1 June 1961 locomotive still had GWR lettering on tender and stock was S Reg green, Modified Hall no 7912 Linford Hall at Southampton on 25 August 1964,

West Coast steam through Lancaster. Ray Helm. 456-7.
Col. illus.: 46245 City of London (red - locomotive & train look as if in same colour) with down Lakes Express, 45595 Southern Rhodesia with southbound express,   78030 on engineer's special, Britannia no 70046 Anzac (without nameplates) with parcels train, LMS Coronation no 46250 City of Litchfield (green) on express parcels train.

What of the night?. . 458-9.
Col. illus. of locomotives/trains in darkness: 5940 Whitbourne Hall at Newton Abbot in December 1961 (atmospheric shot of train on foggy night with signals glowing in the gloom) (Peter W. Gray), 45675 Hardy at York mpd in February 1967 (Paul Riley), BR 9F no 92077 at Patricroft mpd (Jim Carter), BR class 5 no 45308 at Manchester Victoria in February 1967 (N. Harrop),

Wanderings on the West Country goods. A.B. Jeffery. 460-1.
Col. illus.: These show the "old railway" with pick-up goods (and little traffic) on lines which were mainly soon to be closed and on which money had been squandered on new (unreliable) motive power. North British type 2 no D6320 at Yarde on 20 March 1967 (N. Harrop), North British type 2 no D6320 on North Devon & Cornwall Light Railway on 23 March 1967 (N. Harrop), Western no D1038 at South Brent on 30 July 1968 (N. Harrop), North British type 2 no D6320 at Torrington on 23 March 1967 (N. Harrop), North British type 2 no D6320 at Torrington on 23 March 1967 (N. Harrop), North British type 2 no D7502 at Penzance on 10 August 1972 (N. Harrop),

Six coupled sodality - A trio of six-coupled goods locomotives. 462.
Col. illus.:GN J6 no 64190 at Boston on 24 June 1958 (Dick Riley), LMS no 44420 at Burton on Trent on 26 May 1959 (Dick Riley), LNER J38 no 65922 at Edinburgh St Margarets in September 1963 (Geoff Rixon),

There must be an alternative! [early alternatives to the self-contained steam locomotive. Part 2.. Arthur R. Nicholls. 463-7.
Part 1 was on page 403. This part, which lists sources, describes various forms of atmospheric (compressed air and vacuum) which were developed from 1824 onwards. Robert Stephenson came out strongly against them when giving evidence against the London & Croydon Railway's attempts to operate railways in this way. Systems were developed (and in many cases patented) by John Vallance (patent 1824); Frederick Bramwell (proposed Bank to Charing Cross system), John Weston (patent 1848); the actual Holborn to Euston compressed air/vacuum system for the carriage of mails which used rubber seals, but the poorly finished tubes damaged the seals and led to the premature closure of the system. T.E. Rammell implemented a passenger carrying system at Crystal Palace, but a proposed Waterloo and Whitehall venture failed. The alternative of a tube with a slot system was developed by Jacob and Joseph Samuda and Samuel Clegg. This was demonstrated at Wormwood Scrubs in the early 1840s. A system of this type worked for ten years between Kingstown and Dalkey and had been developed by Charles Vignoles. The problems encountered with systems of this type on the London & Croydon and South Devon Railways are lightly sketched. C.F. Dendy Marshall published a proposal in 1932 for a Rammell type system to connect the Isle of Wight with the mainland. See letter from Sweden on page 542. See letter from John Rapley (page 607) which gives extensive list of additional authorities. Illus.:Engraving; Postal tube pneumatic railway, Proposal for a pneumatic tube railway, Engraving; Air propulsive railway, Engraving; Pneumatic railway at Crystal Palace, Sketch; Atmospheric railway, Sketch; Kingstown & Dalkey Atmospheric railway, Sketch; London & Croydon Atmospheric railway,

The twentieth century steam locomotive. Was there any progress? Part 1. (Railway Reflections No. 80) Michael Rutherford. 468-75.
Part 2 page 494: Part 3 page 554. The feature begins with a brief look at the contrast in the running of Royal trains for Queen Victoria with those of her successors in the 1900s, who commanded fast non-stop journeys odf considerable length. These were provided by the GWR to Kingswear and to/and from Plymouth. Clearly, Royalty expected more, but was there any real progress in locomotive development Considers Brooks Locomotive Works 4-6-0s with 6ft 10in driving wheels used on Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railroad for Chicago to Buffalo trains. These 34 ft² grate locomotives averaged 100,000 miles in first year in service. The question was often expressed by Tuplin: whose somewhat eccentric (Rutherford uses the term iconoclastic) style coloured many enthusiasts view of steam locomotive development. Rutherford stresses that the style masked a man who was charming and devout (and did not add "green" in the environmental sense long before such ideas were cast more widely). Tuplin's views tended towards rugged simplicity: the Saints were just about right, especially if the boiler pressure had been lowered (Hughes must have been a key hidden influence on Tuplin). Rutherford attempts to refute Tuplin's assertions and that there was some development in the basic Stephenson type of locomotive, especially in the United States. See also letter from John Knowles (page 667) which asserts that Sam Ell did not rearrange Lomonossof formula for the cost of the net ton mile. Illus.:Caledonian Cardean no 903, GWR no 4108 Gardenia and 3402 Halifax on a boat train at Fishguard on 30 August 1909, GWR no 103 later named President at Old Oak Common on 30 August 1906, Prototype Fat Annie in 1907, GWR no 4003 Lode Star at Hayes, Superheated T14 no 443 at Raynes Park in May 1931, LNW no 2221 Sir Francis Dent at Stalybridge, LYR no 1508 in July 1908, GC 9Q no 5458 at Nottingham, LNER No 3279, Fig 1; The Lomonossof Formula for the cost of the net ton-mile, Fig 2; Allocating the costs, Darlington works foundry, Fig 3; Pie chart of steam heat content, Slab milling machine, A cast steel engine bed, New York Central Hudson no 5200, Table 1; Pre-grouping, multi-cylinder, 10 wheel designs, Table 2; Express passenger boiler trends 1900-1930, Table 3; Power outputs of a selection of passenger locomotives of the New York Central railroad,

The breezy northern heights of Manchester - Manchester to Bury. Tom Wray. 476-81.
Opened on 1 September 1879 the Manchester, Prestwich & Radcliffe Railway was opended by the L&YR to develop the northern suburbs of Manchester. It was electrified in 1916 on the 1200V DC side contact (protected) system and is now part of Manchester's Metrolink system operated by tramcars. The author describes the nature of the line including its stations and former freight fascilities. Blakemore writes about railways in Bury area in Vol. 17 page 252. Illus.:Crumpsall station exterior on 2 February 1969 (author), Map; Manchester to Bury, Crumpsall station interior on 2 February 1972 (author), LYR advertising for the Manchester to Bury line, 0-6-2T no 1315 at Crumpsall, Aspinal 2-4-2T no 10 at Crumpsall, Bowker Vale station soon after opening on 2 February 1938 (LMS Official), Heaton Park tunnel with a 4 car multiple unit on 30 September 1972 (Michael Blakemore), Colour: Advertising Booklet: The breezy northern heights of Manchester (cover), Crumsall Lane bridge framing Crumsall signal box and an EMU. in May 1991 (John Edgington), A train of 504 stock at Manchester in August 1988 (John Edgington), Bowker Vale station in 1994 with Metrolink tram (LRT vehicle) (author).

Readers' Forum. 482-3.
The Cornwall Minerals tank engines and their relatives. R.D. Grant.
See page 172: long informative letter from New Zealand who has clearly studies the correspondance in Engineering for the 1870s which relates to the effectiveness of back-to-back engines versus Fairlie locomotives on the nitrate railways of Peru/Chile (quotes a letter in Engineering, 1877, 24, 412 where J.F.L. Jetter makes claims for back-to-back designs on Iquique Railway refuted by Fairlie in 1878 (18 January) page 44. Letter also mentions cost of Sharp versus Avonside bids to build single boiler Fairlie locomotives for New Zealand. Other spheres of activity of back-to-back designs are also mentioned: the Ghats in India, and on military railways in WW1. Some supplementary information is also given on Kitson-Meyers
From horse to motor. Neal Hyde.
See page 265: information from Shire Horse Society and from experience of working from a Manchester brewery: horse life was 10 to 14 years (dereciated at 10% p.a. in brewery), they could travel up to ten to twelve miles per day, and a pair could haul about 4 tons.
A singular double. Keith R. Chester
See pages 223 and 356. Further information about Combermere built by Sharp Stewart (3165) for the Staatseisenbahn-Gesellschaft (Austria/Hungary). It worked between Prague and Podmokly between 1884 and 1894 but was not satisfactory according to letter writer with address in Vienna.
Britain's railways in 1900. Michael J. Smith.
See page 260: castigates Helm for sweeping statement about no new tube construction in Central London after 1907 until Victoria line in 1967: this omits Central line extension to Liverpool Street in 1924, the complex works to create the Northern line north of Euston and the extension southwards from Charing Cross. Notes errors in terminology of Ealing & South Harrow Railway and its takeover by the Metropolitan District Railway. Also suggests changes to show that electrification was being actively considered by both Metropolitan and District railways.
The Plymouth air raids. Graham Thorne.
See page 318: Hotel shown is not the Continental but is Duke of Cornwall. Reason for closure of Lipson Vale Halt was its potential fire risk and location.

Book reviews. 483.
The power of the A1s. Gavin Morrison. Oxford Publishing. DWM ***
"fine collection of black and white photographs"
Gresley A4s - the LNER's streamlined Pacific locomotives. Gavin Morrison. Ian Allan. DWM **
criticism of colour printing
Middle East movers: Royal Engineer transportation in the Suez Canal Zone, 1947-1956.. Hugh Mackintosh. Nort